The scope of this study was to characterize the intra-serotypic genetic diversity in fecal Escherichia coli isolates obtained from dogs, using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Serological typing of forty-seven E. coli isolates recovered from the rectal swabs (n=93) of different dog breeds in Andhra Pradesh revealed O141 (5 isolates), O128 (3 isolates), O126 (2 isolate...

We decompose labor-productivity growth into components attributable to (1) technological change (shifts in the world production frontier), (2) technological catch-up (movements toward or away from the frontier), (3) human capital accumulation (changes in the efficiency of labor), and (4) physical capital accumulation (movement along the frontier). The world production frontier is constructed us...

The borders of EU are open for the movement of resources but still there can be some strong negative effects of international borders on productivity and knowledge spillovers compared to the internal regional borders. These negative effect could be due to language barriers, cultural differences, local rules and regulation, legal issues, property rights etc. These effects of international border...

Aim The aim of this study was to characterize virulent Escherichia coli isolated from different poultry species and poultry farm workers using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) genotyping. Materials and Methods Fecal swabs from different poultry species (n=150) and poultry farm workers (n=15) were analyzed for E. coli and screened for virulen...

A basic neoclassical model of production is often used to assess the contribution of investment to output growth. In the model, investment raises the capital stock and output growth increases in proportion to the growth in capital. It has been argued, however, that computers, as a “general purpose technology,” lead to process innovations and facilitate organizational coinvestments. Since there ...

â â â â â  â  in this paper, we address the question that does fdi alone affect economic growth or interaction of fdi and human capital is required to boost economic growth. we develop the model with an expanding variety of products. we estimate the model using some advanced tests utilizing data on fdi flows from developed countries. we find stronger complementary effects between fdi and human ...

this paper examines the short- and long-run effects of domestic research and development (r&d;) and foreign r&d; (throw the channels of capital goods import and foreign direct investment) on iranian economic growth using of endogenous growth models and bounds test approach to level relationship over the period of 1351-1386. bounds test approach results confirm the existence of long-run relation...

A total of 514 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from diarrheic and healthy cattle in Spain were characterized in this study. PCR showed that 101 (20%) isolates carried stx1 genes, 278 (54%) possessed stx2 genes, and 135 (26%) possessed both stx1 and stx2. Enterohemolysin (ehxA) and intimin (eae) virulence genes were detected in 326 (63%) and in 151 (29%) of the isolates, r...