Labor Market Institutions and Informality in Transition and Latin American Countries This paper analyzes, using country-level panel data from transition economies and Latin America, the impact of labor market institutions on informal economic activity. The measure of informal economic activity is taken from Schneider et al. (2010), the most comprehensive study to date. The data on institutions,...

The herein presented complete structure of the core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) P. shigelloides Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM) 2231 (serotype O17) was investigated by (1)H, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, chemical analyses and serological methods. The core oligosaccharide is composed of an undecasaccharide, which represents the second core type identified f...

Lithium ion conductors 5. Lithium Nitride Li3N 6. Lithium Lanthanum Titanium Oxide, Li3xLa0.67-xTiO3 7. Lithium Titanium Phosphate, LiTi2(PO4)3 Sodium ion conductors 8. Sodium β-Alumina, Na2O)1+x(Al2O3)11 9. Sodium β”-Alumina, Li-stabilized, Na1.5(Li0.25Al10.75)O17 10. Sodium β-Gallate, (Na2O)*n(Ga2O3) 11. Sodium β”-Gallate, Na1.98Ga10.673 O17 12. Sodium Yttrium Silicate, Na5YSi4O12 13. Sodium ...

Formality, Informality, and Social Welfare An industry is modeled in which entrepreneurs, who are heterogeneous in ability, may produce formally or informally. It is shown how the formal-informal mix depends on the distribution of ability, product demand and various parameter values. The industry equilibrium is compared to one in which informality is prohibited. With relatively high product dem...

Evidences suggest that in some villages of developing countries, agents rely on mutual insurance agreements to deal with income or expenditure shocks. In this paper we analyze which risk-sharing networks can be sustained in the long run when individuals are farsighted rather than myopic, in the sense that they are able to forecast how other agents would react to their actions. In particular, we...

We analyze, both theoretically and empirically, the influence of direct democratic institutions on the size and development of shadow economies. Our model suggests that, as the extent of direct democracy increases, implemented fiscal policies more nearly reflect the preferences of citizens and so reduce their incentives to operate in the informal sector. This theory implies a negative relations...

The obligation to pay bride wealth at marriage is usually associated with the continuation of the lineage or considered a compensation for the loss of labor for the family that provides the bride. In this paper a different interpretation is advanced. The obligation to pay of bride wealth is seen as informal insurance which relies on the fact that bride wealth liabilities are contingent claims. ...

Article history: Received 24 June 2011 Revised 12 May 2012 Available online 25 May 2012 JEL classification: O12 O17 O50 P48