Article history: Accepted 30 October 2013 JEL classification: E62 O11 O41

We have sequenced the O-antigen gene clusters for the Escherichia coli O98 and Yersinia kristensenii O11 O antigens. The basic structures of these O antigens are identical, and the sequence data indicate that Y. kristensenii O11 gained its O-antigen gene cluster by lateral gene transfer (LGT). Escherichia coli O98 has a typical O-antigen gene cluster between galF and gnd as is usual in E. coli....

The structural similarity between the pilin glycan and the O-antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 suggested that they have a common metabolic origin. Mutants of this organism lacking functional wbpM or wbpL genes synthesized no O-antigen and produced only non-glycosylated pilin. Complementation with plasmids containing functional wbpM or wbpL genes fully restored the ability to produce both O...

Molecular structures of 4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)methyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline and 2-methoxy-5-((phenylamino)methyl)phenol synthesized via Schiff bases reduction route are reported. The compounds consist asymmetric units C16H20N2O (1) C14H15NO2 (2) in orthorhombic monoclinic crystal systems, respectively. Compound 1 intermolecular C11—H11···N2 hydrogen bonding with C11···N21 = 3.463(4) Å. hydro...

the management of road traffic accident and the care of casualties  has undergone many changes in recent years. to provide an uniform and systematic approach the ems, firefighters, red cross, red crescent and other rescuers must be updated to reduce entrapment times, and mortality rates, over better organisation and a methodical approach. the rescuers should not attempt to administer medical fi...

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in ruminants. In ewe mastitis, symptoms range from subclinical to gangrenous mastitis. S. aureus factors or host-factors contributing to the different outcomes are not completely elucidated. In this study, experimental mastitis was induced on primiparous ewes using two S. aureus strains, isolated from gangrenous (strain O11) or subclinical (str...