We previously showed, in normal subjects, a positive correlation between the esophageal contraction amplitude and peak muscle thickness. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between esophageal muscle thickness and contraction amplitude in patients with high-amplitude peristaltic and simultaneous contractions. Eleven patients with high-amplitude peristaltic contractions, 8 wi...

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Technology Committee provides reviews of existing, new, or emerging endoscopic technologies that have an impact on the practice of GI endoscopy. Evidence-based methodology is used by performing a MEDLINE literature search to identify pertinent clinical studies on the topic as well as a U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Device...

The nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, which results in renal vein and left gonadal vein varices. Herein, we report our experience with left renal vein transposition for treatment of the nutcracker syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the left renal vein transposition for tr...

Nutcracker phenomenon or renal vein entrapment is classically seen as a compression of renal vein in between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery with patients being asymptomatic or clinically manifested in the form of nutcracker syndrome as proteinuria, hematuria, flank pain, pelvic congestion in women, and varicocele in men. In this report, we are presenting a case of rare variant o...

BACKGROUND Patients with Nutcracker syndrome generally present with nonspecific abdominal pain, with the left renal vein (LRV) lodged between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In rare cases this can result in atypical gastrointestinal symptoms, making the diagnosis of Nutcracker syndrome challenging. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old female patient presented with complaints of severe abdo...

BACKGROUND Non cardiac chest pain can be caused by esophageal problems such as gastroesophageal reflux or smooth muscle motor disorders. AIM To perform esophageal manometry in patients with non cardiac chest pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred patients with chest pain in whom coronary problems were discarded, were studied. A computerized esophageal manometry was performed in all and 24 h...

A surgically treated case of the nutcracker phenomenon is reported. Severe left flank pain and gross hematuria were relieved by direct renocaval reimplantation. We proposed the diagnostic criteria of the nutcracker phenomenon causing severe flank pain and/or renal hematuria.

Nutcracker syndrome is a condition where there is compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing symptoms. Here, we describe the case of a female patient who had symptoms secondary to the compression of a left inferior vena cava between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery causing a nutcracker syndrome. We will review the etiology, embryo...

The left renal vein (LRV) has many developmental variations; the two most common are the circumaortic and the retrocaval. Anterior nutcracker syndrome is the compression of the LRV between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, whereas posterior nutcracker syndrome occurs between the vertebral column and the aorta. An adolescent male (aged 16 years) was referred to the emergency department f...