This study examined the capacity of text-based online chat to promote learners’ noticing of their problematic language productions and of the interactional feedback from their interlocutors. In this study, twelve ESL learners formed six mixed-proficiency dyads. The same dyads worked on two spot-thedifference tasks, one via online chat and the other through face-to-face conversation. Stimulated ...

Attentional biases in anxiety disorders have been assessed primarily using three types of experiment: the emotional Stroop task, the probe-detection task, and variations of the visual search task. It is proposed that the inattentional blindness procedure has the ability to overcome limitations of these paradigms in regard to identifying the components of attentional bias. Three experiments exam...

The probability of inattentional blindness, the failure to notice an unexpected object when attention is engaged on some primary task, is influenced by contextual factors like task demands, features of the unexpected object, and the observer's attention set. However, predicting who will notice an unexpected object and who will remain inattentionally blind has proven difficult, and the evidence ...

Most studies of inattentional blindness-the failure to notice an unexpected object when attention is focused elsewhere-have focused on one critical trial. For that trial, noticing the unexpected object might be a result of random variability, so that any given individual would be equally likely to notice the unexpected object. On the other hand, individual differences in the ability to perform ...

This study was an attempt to investigate whether output tasks, i.e., reconstruction and picturecuedwriting tasks, promote learners’ noticing of English passive structure compared to nonoutputtasks, i.e., reading comprehension and if so, which output task is more effective inenhancing learners’ noticing. In addition, this study aimed to investigate whether output tasksfacilitate learning of Engl...

People sometimes fail to notice salient unexpected objects when their attention is otherwise occupied, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness. To explore individual differences in inattentional blindness, we employed both static and dynamic tasks that either presented the unexpected object away from the focus of attention (spatial) or near the focus of attention (central). We hypothesize...

The chapters in this section explore professional noticing in contexts that include both middle and high school preand in-service teachers. The authors employ different theoretical and conceptual frameworks, and examine the professional noticing activities of their participants using different research methodologies. To try to tie together these different intellectual contributions, we present ...

Open learner models (OLM) are learner models that are accessible to the learner they represent. Many examples now exist, often with the aim of prompting learner reflection on their knowledge. In language learning, this relates to research on noticing and awareness-raising. We here introduce an open learner model to investigate the potential of OLMs to facilitate noticing. Results suggest that a...