methodology of islamic principles (‘ilm al-uṣūl) is a dignified science serving to understand religious texts; on the other hand, however, this science is indebted to holy qur’ān for its credibility and authority. the qur’ānic verses play a special role in validating and authorizing this science. this role is to be viewed in terms of foundation-laying, as āyāt al-uṣūl (verses of principles) are...

defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

Temporal arteritis is most common vasculitis in elderly and imitated by miscellaneous disorders. Temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard test in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Hereby, we describe a case of a 67-year-old man who presented initially with temporal arteritis; however, a lip biopsy then revealed AL amyloidosis. In this respect, temporal artery biopsy should be perf...

abdul'azimal-rabi'i is a contemporary arab poet, nurtured in the literary tradition of najaf, iraq, who wrote many poems on the virtues of ahl al-bayt and how they were wronged. life and poetry of al-rabi’i is not much known to iranian researchers. this study therefore intends to focus on him using an analytical-descriptive methodology.  the findings show that al-rabi’i, neglecting th...

Amyloid is a systemic disease characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded protein. Gastrointestinal and peritoneal light chain (AL) amyloid an under-recognized manifestation this disease, usually as late sequela. Here we present case recently diagnosed AL that presented in the context recurrent, acute onset abdominal discomfort was found to have bowel obstruction complicated perforat...

1. Overview This paper talk about that NP is not AL and P, P is not NC, NC is not NL, and NL is not L. The point about this paper is the depend relation of the problem that need other problem's result to compute it. I show the structure of depend relation that could divide each complexity classes. 2. The condition to emulate the TM by using UTM We will begin by considering the important nature ...