In nonequilibrium states, currents are produced by irreversible processes that take a system toward the equilibrium state, where the current vanishes. We demonstrate, in a general setting, that superstatistics arises when the system relaxes to a (stationary) quasiequilibrium state instead, where only the mean current vanishes because of fluctuations. In particular, we show that a current with g...

Complex nonequilibrium systems are often effectively described by a "statistics of a statistics", in short, a "superstatistics". We describe how to proceed from a given experimental time series to a superstatistical description. We argue that many experimental data fall into three different universality classes: Chi2 superstatistics (Tsallis statistics), Chi2 inverse superstatistics, and log-no...

The log-normal distribution is one of the most common distributions used for modeling skewed and positive data. In recent years, various methods for comparing the means of two independent log-normal distributions have been developed. In this paper a higher-order likelihoodbased method is proposed. The method is applied to two real-life examples and simulation studies are used compare the accura...

accurate knowledge of spatial distribution of soil physical and chemical properties is needed for suitable management and proper use of rangelands in masileh plain, qom, iran. in present study, for the spatial modeling of chemical and physical parameters such as sodium (na), calcium (ca), soluble potassium (k), magnesium (mg), electrical conductivity (ec), saturation percentage (sp%), silt, cla...

Information about reservoir properties usually comes from two sources: seismic data and well logs. The former provide an indirect, low resolution image of rock velocity and density. The latter provide direct, high resolution (but laterally sparse) sampling of these and other rock parameters. An important problem in reservoir characterization is how best to combine these data sets, allowing the ...

abstract in recent years, many researchers have attempted to estimate the soil hydraulic functions (e.g. soil moisture characteristics curve, and hydraulic conductivity function) using particle-size distribution (psd) curve. in these studies, an accurate mathematical representation of psd is required for fitting the observed data. so far, some mathematical models were developed with different l...

Within a general framework, we discuss the wave function statistics in the Lloyd model of Anderson localization on a one-dimensional lattice with a Cauchy distribution for random on-site potential. We demonstrate that already in leading order in the disorder strength, there exists a hierarchy of anomalies in the probability distributions of the wave function, the conductance, and the local dens...

Recently, commentators have suggested that the distributional form of cost data should be explicitly modelled to gain efficiency in estimating the population mean. We perform a series of simulation experiments to evaluate the usual sample mean and the mean estimator of a lognormal distribution, in the context of both theoretical distributions and three large empirical datasets. The sample mean ...