Results: From 1991 to 2000, 62,839 EP were reported in California. Mean EP rate was 11.2/ 1000, decreased from 15/1000 to 9.3/1000, and varied significantly by race/ethnicity and age. EP rates were highest among African Americans (25/1000) and lowest among Hispanics (7.7/1000); African Americans had higher odds of having EP relative to nonHispanic Whites (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% confidence in...

T he Asian-American population, a fast-growing minority group in America (1), is more likely to have type 2 diabetes compared with nonHispanic whites despite having lower body weight (2–6). Among the diverse Asian immigrants, Chinese Americans make up the largest subgroup (1), of whom 50% live in linguistic isolation (7). Communication problems with health care providers (8) and the lack of cul...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide data on key public health indicators for the state’s Hispanic Spanish-speaking population, and to compare these results with those for English-speaking Hispanics and nonHispanic African Americans and whites. Comparison with other demographic groups provides the context for evaluating the health risks and health care needs of the Spanish-speaking ...

This study aims to contribute to environmental justice research by examining how Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), a relatively small minority group, are disproportionately impacted by environmental toxins. Proximity to three different environmental hazards is considered: toxic waste, industrial air pollution, and freeways. 2010 U.S. Census, Superfund, Toxic Release Inventory, and...

Parity is associated with a short-term increase in breast cancer (BC) risk followed by a long-term decrease in risk. BC diagnosed 5-7 years after a completed pregnancy is associated with worse outcomes. BC is not a single disease. The dual effect of pregnancy could account for the BC characteristics at presentation (i.e. younger age and more advanced disease) and worse outcomes observed among H...

PURPOSE: To examine information that parents of children with life-limiting conditions want to discuss with children's physicians to assist decision-making, and whether the desire for this information is associated with parents' trust in physicians. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using a telephone survey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects comprised a random sample of 266 parents whose child...

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits tight links with insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Comparedwith non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black adolescents have more IR but a lower prevalence of NAFLD and MetS. Our hypothesis was that IR would be a better predictor of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevatio...

Health outcomes among rural minority populations are seldom examined. Our research studied mortality among urban and rural white, black, and Hispanic adults ages 45–64, comparing outcomes for each group. We found the mortality risk to be higher among both rural white and rural minority populations compared to urban whites; rural blacks were at higher risk of death than urban blacks. When person...

36 Background: Black race is associated with worse outcomes in localized breast cancer. We evaluated the characteristics of patients enrolled in the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx) by race and ethnicity. METHODS The analysis included 10,071 evaluable patients with Recurrence Score (RS) data. Eligibility criteria included: (1) T1-2, N0 disease, (2) estrogen recep...

Effective on January 1, 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended the standards to identify several enriched grain products, bromated flour, vegetable macaroni and vegetable noodle products by requiring folic acid fortication. Specifically, the FDA required that these products be fortified with folic acid levels ranging from 0.43 to 1.4 mg/pound or 95 to 309 mg/100 g of product. Alth...