mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, cordless phones and power lines are among the main sources of our daily exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (rf-emf). today, a large proportion of children aged eight and under has used smart phones and tablets for media activities such as playing online games, watching videos or using different applications. over the past several years,...

introduction : the  rapid development  of wireless telecommunication technologies  over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fi elds. nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fi elds such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, wi-fi routers, and power lines. therefore,...

Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant retinal tumor, which affects infants and children. This cancer happens through a mutation in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor genes (RB1). Inactivation of RB1 has been observed in more than 97% of all retinoblastoma patients with mutations. In recent years, RB treatment has developed significantly. RBchr('39')s treatment methods can be one or ...

micrornas (mirnas) represent a class of small non-coding rna molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. they play a crucial role in diverse cellular pathways. ionizing radiation (ir) is one of the most important treatment protocols for patients that suffer from cancer and affects directly or indirectly cellular integration. recently it has been discovered that mi...

Ionizing and non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation, either stand-alone or in combination with other agents, exert health effects on biological systems. The present chapter examines the scope of non-ionizing EMF radiation combined effects; i.e., identifies effects on biological systems from combined exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields/radiation and at least one other age...