Certification schemes for credence goods can be binary in structure or have multiple tiers. We present a theory explaining how standard-setting organizations choose between these two forms, and compare the differing incentives of industry trade associations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in setting standards. For either type of scheme in autarky, the choice between a binary and a mul...

ABSTRACT All organizations related to rural or urban development, whether they are Non-Governmental Organizations (Non-Governmental Organizations) the Government, make joint efforts in various activities. Some NGOs engaged helping weaker sections of society, such as small farmers and marginal farmers, agricultural workers, women reserved castes, while others building schools hospitals areas, be...

Aceh officially entered a post-conflict era in 2005, its part of peace development, the Local Conflict still escalated between citizens, villages, Ethnic, with local government, security force, and students other group conflicts. This study examines association Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)/Community (CO)’s to chance having conflict village Aceh. we use data Indonesian survey (Potensi Des...

Fostering collaboration between scientific and professional groups that contribute to the advancement of global public health is one of the main constitutional responsibilities of the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In line with this responsibility, WHO has organized fifteen annual meetings with numerous non-governmental organizations (NGOs) concerned with prevention and treatment of neuro...

Website of Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a focal medium of sharing information in response to transparency demands and addressing trust deficits between stakeholders. Many researchers have proposed accountability approaches to measure information sharing trends through websites. This article discusses a new index to measure online disclosure trends along with the theoretical properties...

The development and viability of the non-governmental organization (NGO) sector varies across the post-communist world. We explore the impact of corruption on NGO sustainability—the overall enabling environment and activities of the NGO sector—in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union from 1998 to 2007. To test hypotheses about the relationship between corruption and NGO sustainability, we ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about how to implement promising small-scale projects to reduce reproductive ill health and HIV vulnerability in young people on a large scale. This evaluation documents and explains how a partnership between a non-governmental organization (NGO) and local government authorities (LGAs) influenced the LGA-led scale-up of an innovative NGO programme in the wider context...

Does the labeling of tradable products like carpets which have been produced without child labor contribute to decreased vulnerability of poor households and their children? This paper analyzes which factors determine the probability of a child to work in the carpet industry, and examines the influence of non governmental organizations (NGOs) like Rugmark which are engaged in the social labelin...