Multilamellar vesicles (noisome) of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether surfactants (Brij 52, 72, 76 and 92) were prepared using classic film hydration method. Vesicle formation ability of the surfactants was assessed in presence or absence of cholesterol. All used surfactants formed vesicles in the absence of cholesterol. Recombinant human insulin was used as a model protein drug to investigate encaps...

Objective: Niosomal gel formulations containing phenytoin sodium have been prepared for enhancing skin wound healing. Methods: Solvent evaporation-film hydration methodology was adopted for noisome formation. Different compositions of phenytoin, surfactant and cholesterol were tested. The prepared niosomes were evaluated for size of vesicles, drug entrapment efficiency and release profiles. Res...

Skin has become an impressive and idealistic platform for the delivery of drugs compared to other routes. However, the stratum corneum “dead, impermeable barrier devoid of biological activity” to skin had challenged the development of transdermal product, which delivers the drugs directly to the systemic circulation at a controlled rate. Recent literature suggests the old doctrine, which states...

At a time of historically low National Institutes of Health funding rates and many problems with the conduct of research (unfunded mandates, disgruntled reviewers, and rampant paranoia), there is a concern that biomedical research as a profession is waning in the United States (see "Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws" by Alberts and colleagues in the Proceedings of the Nati...

The main aim of the study was to develop and statistically optimize the proniosomal gel for enhanced transdermal delivery using 3(2) factorial designs to investigate the influence of both non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol to maximize the entrapment efficiency and flux. The concentration of non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol were taken as independent variables, while entrapment efficiency a...

Land mines are noisome and indiscriminate weapons that are simple to place, but difficult to remove. On the surface, robotics is ideally suited to the tedious, challenging, and dangerous removal task. However, prior attempts at robotic clearance, while promising in the laboratory, have had limited success in the field. The demining problem is particularly challenging due to the exceptional vari...

The objective of present study was to develop nonionic surfactant vesicles of proteolytic enzyme serratiopeptidase (SRP) by adapting reverse phase evaporation (REV) technique and to evaluate the viability of SRP niosomal gel in treating the topical inflammation. The feasibility of SRP niosomes by REV method using Span 40 and cholesterol has been successfully demonstrated in this investigation. ...

Niosomes, as a kind of drug delivery system, is widely used for the topical lipophilic drugs. Optimization niosomes plays an essential role in enhancing their therapeutic efficiencies. This study aims to prepare optimized niosomal formulation simvastatin (nSIM), member statins, through experiment (Response Surface methodology). Optimized were characterized size, polydispersity index (PDI), entr...

Abstract Purposes Calcium channel blockers, such as diltiazem (DLZ), are important drugs for wound repair treatment. This current study used an ultrasonic method to increase the cutaneous delivery of (DLZ) niosomes. Methods The impact cholesterol:surfactant ratio on DLZ-loaded niosome formulations was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), electr...

In the beginning was the word... And the word was eschatology Words, according to the late, great novelist, Evelyn Waugh, "should be an intense pleasure, just as leather should be to a shoemaker". Like the apocrj^hal author whose lifetime ambition was to write a book that ended with the word "mayonnaise", or H.L. Mencken's famous contention that the words "cellar door" comprise the most euphoni...