In certain circumstances the discharge rate of the A-V node may exceed that of the S-A node. The A-V node then becomes the dominant pacemaker of the heart. If, in addition, there is retrograde unidirectional A-V block, the atria remain under control of the S-A node, and A-V dissociation results. When a sinus impulse reaches the A-V node during the non-refractory phase, it is conducted to, and c...

Serious security threat is originated by node capture attacks in hierarchical data aggregation where a hacker achieves full control over a sensor node through direct physical access in wireless sensor networks. It makes a high risk of data confidentiality. In this study, we propose a securing node capture attacks for hierarchical data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Initially network i...

ABSTR ACT We study a new countermeasure to the well known threat of node capture in sensor networks. A node capture occurs if an adversary completely takes over a sensor node and uses it to spy on the data which is stored and processed within the sensor network. In case this data has some value it needs to be protected from unauthorized access through a security mechanism. Merely encrypting the...

This paper checks the correctness of our novel algorithm for secure, reliable and flexible transmission of big data in two-hop wireless networks using cooperative jamming scheme of attacker location unknown through Markovian process. Big data has to transmit in two-hop from source-to-relay and relay-to-destination node by deploying security in physical layer. Based on our novel algorithm, the n...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are novel large-scale wireless networks that consist of distributed, self organizing, low-power, low-cost, tiny sensor devices to cooperatively collect information through infrastructure less wireless networks. These networks are envisioned to play a crucial role in variety of applications like critical military surveillance applications, forest fire monitoring, ...