In order to investigate the basic physiological mechanisms of pain and the anti-nociceptive effects of analgesics, development of pain assays in mice is critical due to the advances of genetic manipulation techniques. The von Frey hairs/Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test (von Frey test) has long been applied to examine mechanical nociception in mice. Though the von Frey test is a well-establis...

Pain is a complex process in the central nervous system (CNS). Several factors can alter the pain threshold and insulin is one of them which is produced by the beta cells of pancreas and capable of crossing blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intra-cerebroventricular (ICV) injection of insulin on the pain response to formalin in short-term induced diabetic ...

Electrical stimulation of the skin using a needle-electrode specifically activates nociceptive nerve fibres. The detection of such stimuli by subjects depends on the activation of subsequent nociceptive mechanisms. Activation of these mechanisms depends on the temporal stimulus properties, such as the pulse-width, number of pulses, and inter-pulse interval. This different activation of nocicept...

Background Previous studies disclosed the pivotal role of methyltransferase complex G9a/Glp in the pathogenesis of neuropathic hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury. We observed that higher dose of G9a inhibitor improved nociceptive behavior, but the lower dose worsened pain. The aim of this study is to extensively observe the differential effect of various dosages of G9a/Glp inhi...

BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from spinal microglia is crucial for aberrant nociceptive signaling in several pathological pain conditions, including postoperative pain. We assess the contribution of spinal microglial activation and associated BDNF overexpression to the early post-incisional nociceptive threshold. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an in...

BACKGROUND In this methodology article a thermal threshold testing device designed to test nociception in cats was assessed in six dogs. The purpose of this study was to investigate baseline reproducibility of thermal thresholds obtained by the contact heat testing device, to assess the influence of acepromazine and levomethadone and fenpipramide in dogs. The relationship between change in noci...

A total of 90 cows from three commercial farms were used to evaluate the relationship between subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis and thermal nociceptive threshold. Milk strips from all udder quarters were tested for clinical mastitis with visual inspection of milk and udder alterations and for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test. Milk yield was recorded, milk was sampled...

introduction: it is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.we evaluated the involvement of ...