conclusions anesthesiologists need to be aware of dextromethorphan’s clinical pharmacology because recreational abuse of the drug has become increasingly common in adolescents and young adults. case presentation a 30-year-old man with a history of a nasal fracture was scheduled to undergo an elective septorhinoplasty. he reported daily consumption of large quantities (1440 to 1800 mg) of dextro...

Introduction: Major depressive disorder is often associated with suicidal tendencies, and this condition accentuates the need for rapid-acting antidepressants. We previously reported that alkaloids (ALK) from Trichilia monadelpha possess antidepressant action in acute animal models of depression and that this effect is mediated through the monoamine and L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathways. This study i...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune inflammation of the brain parenchyma mediated with autoantibodies against NMDA receptors in neuronal cells. It most common form encephalitides pediatric patients. In this case report, we present a child anti-NMDAR encephalitis, refractory to first-line therapy.

introduction: there is considerable evidence that glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission plays an important role in mediating the behavioral actions of acutely administered ethanol. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute ethanol exposure on nr1 subunit of nmda (n-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor distribution in the cerebral cortex of chick embryo on the 10th an...

Introduction: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance and physical dependence to opiates. Activation of NMDA receptors involves the induction of long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus. Our previous study suggested that chronic oral administration of morphine enhanced NMDA dependent LTP in the CA1 area of hippocampal slices of rats. The p...

introduction: activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens is a component of drug-induced reward mechanism. in addition, nmda receptors play a major role in brain reward system and activation of these receptors can change firing pattern of dopamine neurons. blockade of glutamatergic neurotransmission reduces the expression of conditioned place preferenc...

introduction: the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (lpgi) is involved in the descending pain modulation. the neurostreoid, 17β-estradiol found in the pgi nucleus and modulates nociception by binding to estrogen receptors and also by allosteric interaction with nmda receptors. in this study, the role of nmda receptors in the 17β-estradiol-induced pain modulation was investigated by assess...

introduction: it has been shown that administration of win55,212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, into the basolateral amygdala (bla), dose-dependently increases the thermal latency to withdrawal in the tail-.ick test and decreases pain related behaviors in both phases of the formalin test. recent human and animal imaging data suggest that the nucleus accumbens (nac) is an important neural su...

Both glutamate receptors and transporters are known to be important in the postsynaptic regulation of glutamate neurotransmission. However, the maturation profile of glutamate transporter EAAC1 and glutamate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B; and GluR 1-4) in functionally activated saccule-related vestibular nuclear neurons of postnatal rats remains unclear. In the present study, conscious ...

Both glutamate receptors and transporters are known to be important in the postsynaptic regulation of glutamate neurotransmission. However, the maturation profile of glutamate transporter EAAC1 and glutamate receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A and NR2B; and GluR 1-4) in functionally activated saccule-related vestibular nuclear neurons of postnatal rats remains unclear. In the present study, conscious ...