glutamatergic system stimulationthe nucleus accumbens shell, may affect anxiety-related behaviors, aversive learning and memory. glutamate receptors are differentially distributed in pre- and postsynaptic sites contributing to neuronal communications.the present study aimed to examine the possible involvement of the nac shell presynaptic nmda receptors on nmda induced responses, using the eleva...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium as a N-Methyl–D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor Antagnist and bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist on morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for four days and on fourth day 1.5 hour after the last morphine administration they received di...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium as a N-Methyl–D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor Antagnist and bromocriptine as a dopamine receptor agonist on morphine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. In the present study different groups of mice were received morphine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for four days and on fourth day 1.5 hour after the last morphine administration they received di...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a major metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by cyclooxygenase pathways, exerts its bioactive responses by activating four E-prostanoid receptor subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. PGE2 enables modulating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses. However, the effect of E-prostanoid receptor agonists on large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channel...

NMDA receptors are Ca2+-permeable ion channels. The activation of NMDA receptors requires agonist glutamate and co-agonist glycine. Recent evidence indicates that NMDA receptor also has metabotropic function. Here we report that in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons, glycine increases AMPA receptor-mediated currents independent of the channel activity of NMDA receptors and the activation of gly...

Memantine is an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist which is registered in both Europe and the USA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cultured rat hippocampal neurons were used to evaluate the potency and blocking kinetics of this therapeutically very well-tolerated agent in the presence of various concentrations of the synthetic agonist NMDA and a constant...

Ibogaine, a putatively anti-addictive alkaloid, binds to kappa-opioid and NMDA receptors. In the present study we investigated the roles of kappa-opioid and NMDA actions in mediating ibogaine's (40 mg/kg, i.p.) behavioral and neurochemical effects in rats. A combination of a kappa-opioid antagonist (norbinaltorphimine, 10 mg/kg, s.c.) and a NMDA agonist (NMDA, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) partially prevente...

This study examined behavioral effects mediated by NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptors in 12-week streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Effects of an NMDA receptor agonist on behavior in the open field test, passive avoidance test and T-maze were examined in control groups of rats and in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). We have used 116 rats for experiments. Experimental type I dia...

Emerging evidence indicates that D-serine rather than glycine serves as an endogenous agonist at glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors, in several nervous tissues, including the developing cerebellum and the retina. Here, we examined whether endogenous D-serine plays a significant role in neuronal damage resulting from excitotoxic insults in the cerebral...