Long-term use of most organic nitrates is limited by development of tolerance, induction of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. In this issue of the BJP, Schuhmacher et al. characterized a novel class of organic nitrates with amino moieties (aminoalkyl nitrates). Aminoethyl nitrate was identified as a novel organic mononitrate with high potency but devoid of induction of mitochondrial...

A survey of members of the Heart Failure Society of America revealed that despite their lack of approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration, nitrates are widely used in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Most members reported using nitrates in patients with ischemic (90%) and nonischemic (81%) causes of chronic CHF, especially those with symptomatic CHF (43% re...

This study was performed to investigate the risk of cardiac events by eccentric or continuous dosing of nitrates in patients with healed myocardial infarction. A total of 573 patients with healed myocardial infarction were assigned to one of two groups: a nitrate-treatment (n =239) and a nontreatment (n =334) group. The nitrate-treatment group was further subdivided into a group receiving eccen...

We describe observations of atmospheric reactive nitrogen compounds including NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates, total alkyl nitrates, and HNO3 and their correlation with temperature. The measurements were made at a rural location 1315 m a.s.l. on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California during summer of 2001. The ratio of HNO3 to its source molecule, NO2, and the ratio of HN...

Although both organic and inorganic nitrates/nitrites mediate their principal effects via nitric oxide, there are many important differences. Inorganic nitrate and nitrite have simple ionic structures and are produced endogenously and are present in the diet, whereas their organic counterparts are far more complex, and, with the exception of ethyl nitrite, are all medicinally synthesised produc...

the sources of groundwater pollution such as, industrial effluents, sewage and extensive farming have lead to agrochemical pollution. mathematical modeling helps to analyze the existing situation, allows forecasting, and to evaluate the effects of changes in the surrounding water quality. the present research has been focused mainly towards understanding the various processes affecting the tran...

Formation of isoprene nitrates (INs) is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. Isoprene nitrates also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Current assessments indicate that formation...

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) can react in the atmosphere to form organic nitrates, which serve as NOx (NO + NO2) reservoirs, impacting ozone and secondary organic aerosol production, the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere, and nitrogen availability to ecosystems. To examine the contributions of biogenic emissions and the formation and fate of organic nitrates in a forest enviro...

Introduction Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalysts are viable catalysts for the abatement of NOx emissions from lean–burn engines [1]. These systems work under periodic cyclic conditions, alternating lean (NOx storage) and rich conditions during which the stored NOx are reduced by a reductant. Although PtBa/Al2O3 is a typical model catalyst for this application, systems containing K have also been prop...

Background/Introduction Postoperative coronary artery spasm (CAS) is an infrequent life-threatening event after cardiac surgery. We have suggested to cross clamp aorta for short time and to inject nitrates into the aortic root in case of suspicion of CAS. It enable us to deliver nitrates especially into coronary arteries during operation (patent RU 2552890). Another method is conventional coron...