In this paper we characterize all $2times 2$ idempotent and nilpotent matrices over an integral domain and then we characterize all $2times 2$ strongly nil-clean matrices over a PID. Also, we determine when a $2times 2$ matrix  over a UFD is nil-clean.

For a ring R, R[x] is a left nearring under addition and substitution, and we denote it by (R[x], +, ◦). In this note, we show that if nil(R) is a locally nilpotent ideal of R, then nil(R[x], +, ◦) = nil(R)0[x], where nil(R) is the set of nilpotent elements of R and nil(R)0[x] is the 0-symmetric left nearring of polynomials with coefficients in nil(R). As a corollary, if R is a 2-primal ring, t...

Construction of the Itaipu Dam, 150 km downstream from Sete Quedas Falls, resulted in the drowning of that natural geographic barrier, with consequent invasion of Serrasalmus marginatus in the upper stream. This event was followed by the reduction in the abundance of the native species, S. spilopleura. Analyzes of reproductive activity these species revealed that in lotic waters S. marginatus h...

Soil salinity reduces soybean growth and yield. The recently identified GmSALT3 (Glycine max salt Tolerance-associated gene on chromosome 3) has the potential to improve soybean yields in salinized conditions. Here we evaluate the impact of GmSALT3 on soybean performance under saline or non-saline conditions. Three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs), with genetic similarity of 95.6-99.3% betwee...

BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants represent about 95 % of the industrial sector effluents in Egypt. Contamination of the River Nile water with various pesticides poses a hazardous risk to both human and environmental compartments. Therefore, a large scale monitoring study was carried on pesticides pollution in three geographical main regions along the River Nil water stream, Egypt. MET...