Formalinized aqua based liver organ vaccines for Angara disease (AD)/hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) are effective for the control of the disease. The experimental formalinized 10, 7.5 and 5% liver organ vaccines showed significant differences in efficacy from 2.5 and 1% liver organ vaccines. However, 10, 7.5 and 5% liver organ vaccines differed non significantly from one another. The...

STRATEGIES FOR VACCINATION OF FAMILY POULTRY AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN AFRICA. Criteria for the selection of vaccines against Newcastle disease (ND) appropriate for use in village chickens are discussed. Emphasis is given to the need to ensure that the selected vaccine is used successfully in the field. Those implementing ND control activities are encouraged to collaborate with all stakehold...

UNLABELLED Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). The disease is controlled mainly through biosecurity and vaccination with live attenuated strains of ILTV and vectored vaccines based on turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and fowlpox virus (FPV). The current live attenuated vaccines (chicken embr...

The effect of high dietary intakes of vitamin E on antibody production was investigated in chicks and turkeys. Chicks were fed four diets with 0, 10, 30, and 150 mg/kg added vitamin E and turkeys were fed three diets with 0, 50, and 150 mg/kg added vitamin E. Antibodies produced in response to naturally occurring Escherichia coli and to Newcastle disease virus and turkey pox vaccines were deter...

Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be separated into genotypes based on genome differences even though they are antigenically considered to be of a single serotype. It is widely recognized that an efficacious Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine made with any NDV does induce protection against morbidity and mortality from a virulent NDV challenge. However, those ND vaccines do not protect v...

Our study demonstrates the repeated isolation of vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses from different species of wild birds across four continents from 1997 through 2014. The data indicate that at least 17 species from ten avian orders occupying different habitats excrete vaccine-derived Newcastle disease viruses. The most frequently reported isolates were detected among individuals in the ...