in british india, moslems according to political & social conditions began cultural activities, especially the thinkers established institutions for islamic education. among the first islamic schools in the midle of 19th century, dar ul-ulum of deobands has a special position.its founders has used the new system of instruction, but they insisted on the old islamic books for instruction. also th...

in iran’s history, women have always had important role in political, social, and cultural areas. after the constitutionalism movements, this role was increased and certain women found positions in executive and legislative powers. after islamic revolution, the situation changed and an islamic approached took the place of the former secular one. under this new approach it is usually claimed tha...

The class base of the so-called new social movements is analyzed using data from the Dutch national election survey of 1986. This analysis is linked to the theory on the "new class," reconceptualized as those in the new middle class who try to defend their relative autonomy against the encroachment of the "technocrats. " The analysis shows that, although the Dutch new social movements are suppo...

Pronouncements about the value of information and communication technology (ICT) (hereafter traditional, new, and social media) to social movements – hyperbolic in popular media references to new and social media (e.g., Facebook revolution, Twitter revolution, etc.) – invite scholarly inquiries that critically assess the implications of these assumptions for African countries. Sensing the tende...