Genomic reduction in bacterial endosymbionts occurs through large genomic deletions and long-term accumulation of mutations. The latter process involves successive steps including gene neutralization, pseudogenization, and gradual erosion until complete loss. Although many examples of pseudogenes at various levels of degradation have been reported, neutralization cases are scarce because of the...

This paper presents an artificial intelligence approach on modeling highly nonlinear processes with application to pH neutralization process. The hybrid neuro-fuzzy technique is applied to model the titration curve from a weak acid with a strong base. This titration curve has three major parts that describe the system behavior: above the equivalence point, near equivalence point and under equiv...

Despite a central role in immunity, antibody neutralization of virus infection is poorly understood. Here we show how the neutralization and persistence of adenovirus type 5, a prevalent nonenveloped human virus, are dependent upon the intracellular antibody receptor TRIM21. Cells with insufficient amounts of TRIM21 are readily infected, even at saturating concentrations of neutralizing antibod...

Conventional control algorithms used in pH control systems give inefficient performance, leading to use of large mixers. To improve the neutralization control process, an ANFIS based advanced controller has been proposed. In this paper, method of design of adaptive controller based on neurofuzzy technique is presented. The method uses ANFIS methodology to automatically generate fuzzy rule base ...

In this paper, the study of the dynamics and control of a semibatch wastewater neutralization process in modeling and simulation is presented. The wastewater neutralization process is modeled based on the reaction between a strong basic solution and a strong acidic solution in a semibatch reactor. It is assumed that the wastewater is acidic in nature. The semibatch system chosen here consists o...