BACKGROUND Activity-induced structural remodeling of dendritic spines and glial cells was recently proposed as an important factor in neuroplasticity and suggested to accompany the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Although T1 and diffusion MRI have been used to study structural changes resulting from long-term training, the cellular basis of the findings obtained and their relationshi...

Neuroplasticity may play a critical role in developing robust, naturally controlled neuroprostheses. This learning, however, is sensitive to system changes such as the neural activity used for control. The ultimate utility of neuroplasticity in real-world neuroprostheses is thus unclear. Adaptive decoding methods hold promise for improving neuroprosthetic performance in nonstationary systems. H...

Models of learning-dependent sensory cortex plasticity require local activity and reinforcement. An alternative proposes that neural activity involved in anticipation of a sensory stimulus, or the preparatory set, can direct plasticity so that changes could occur in regions of sensory cortex lacking activity. To test the necessity of target-induced activity for initial sensory learning, we trai...

Neuroplasticity or the flexibility of the neural system is the ability of the brain to adapt to the lack or deterioration of sense and the capability of the neural system to modify itself through changing shape and function. Not only have studies revealed that neuroplasticity does not end in childhood, but also they have proven that it continues till the end of life and is not limited to the ne...

In this chapter we discuss neuroplasticity and consider how VR technology may be used to promote motor learning and rehabilitation. First, we discuss the nature of neuroplasticity and the physiological mechanisms involved in the induction of both shortand long-term changes that enable us to store and retrieve memories for later use. Second, we review how neuroplastic changes can be indexed usin...

Modifications of signaling pathways and synapses owing to changing behaviors, environments, numerous neural modulation as well as brain-tissue injuries is defined as neuroplasticity in developmental neurology. The central purpose of the review is to gain a better understanding of the relation between stress, depression and neuroplasticity and explore potential therapeutic interventions for enha...

Two main causes of stroke in a person are recognized as an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The former is caused by blocked brain artery, whereas the latter due to bursting blood vessel (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). As it stands, there currently variety treatments used on individuals who undergo Many these consist inducing “rewiring” reduce, and sometimes rid individual effects This phenomenon commonly n...

Preterm-born children commonly experience motor, cognitive, and learning difficulties that may be accompanied by altered brain microstructure, connectivity, and neurochemistry. However, the mechanisms linking the altered neurophysiology with the behavioral outcomes are unknown. Here we provide the first physiological evidence that human adolescents born preterm at or before 37 weeks of complete...

Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Neuroplasticity allows the neurons in the brain to compensate injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or to changes in their environment. At the other side, it is now well established that neuronal function is strongly influenced by both central ...