multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which t cells experience a second phase of activation, which ultimately leads to axonal demyelination and neurological disability. the recent advances in stem cell therapies may serve as potential treatments for neurological disorders. there are broad types of stem cells such as neural, embryonic, mesenchymal and hem...

neurotrauma is one of the main medical problems that affect considerable number of population especially young persons in all countries. neurotrauma not only is a serious threat for life but also creates various disabilities and consequently imposes large costs to society. following central nervous system (cns) injury, tissue damage occurs via primary and secondary mechanisms. despite many atte...

background: in this study, we examined a new two step induction protocol for improving the differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural progenitor cells. materials and methods: human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells were first cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in a humidified incub...

multiple sclerosis (ms) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), are chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of central nervous system (cns). while the cause is unclear, the fundamental mechanism is thought to be destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons through immune system. one of the approaches being proposed in eae therapy is neural stem cells (nscs) trans...

background: amniotic membrane derived stem cells (amscs) have considerable advantages to use in regenerative medicine and their anti- inflammatory effects, growth factor secretion and differentiation potential make them suitable candidates for stem cell therapy of nervous system. the developing and neonatal brain contains a spectrum of growth factors to direct development of endogenous and dono...

Background and Aim: Recently, several studies have indicated that the central nervous system has the capacity for endogenous repair. But, the proliferation capacity of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) isn’t sufficient for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. So, it sounds that stimulation of endogenous NSC proliferation is essential for neuroregeneration. The aim of this study ...

the prevalence of spinal cord injury (sci) is about 2.5 million in the worldwide and more than 130,000 new injuries reported each year. regeneration in the cns versus the pns is very different from the other tissues and many factors can prevent regeneration in pns and specially cns. previous researches demonstrated that regeneration of cns can inhibit by inhibitory molecules and glial scar. the...

several sources were introduced for cell therapy after neurotrauma. there are some evidences that quiescent stem cells are located in the various regions of the adult mammalian brain including cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum. but more study is needed to identify the characteristics of these cells. in the present study we investigated the possibility of isolating neural stem cells fro...

objective: the neural crest is a transient structure of early vertebrate embryos that generates neural crest cells (nccs). these cells can migrate throughout the body and produce a diverse array of mature tissue types. due to the ethical and technical problems surrounding the isolation of these early human embryo cells, researchers have focused on in vitro studies to produce nccs and increase t...