The design of buildings is a multi-criterion optimization problem, there always being a tradeoff to be made between capital expenditure, operating cost, and occupant thermal comfort. This paper investigates the application of a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) search method in the identification of the optimum payoff characteristic between the elements of the building design problem. Re...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of drought stress on the kinetics of leaf elongation in relationship to the variation of sugar concentrations and their net deposition rates along the elongation zone of leaf 4 of durum wheat plants. Plants were grown in soil in a naturally illuminated greenhouse, and water...

This study models net welfare impacts on producers who receive utility from on-farm wildlife populations that are not costlessly disposable. Wildlife damage levels where net benefits are zero indicate producers' maximum willingness to pay for on-farm wildlife. An empirical model is developed. Results for Ontario producers suggest the net welfare loss from damage is approximately half of the val...

The net orientation of cellulose fibrils in the outer epidermal wall of the root elongation zone of 57 angiosperm species belonging to 29 families was determined by means of Congo Red fluorescence and polarization confocal microscopy. The angiosperms can be divided in three groups. In all but four plant families, the net orientation of the cellulose fibrils is transverse to the root axis. Three...

Predicting net induced demand can be helpful for better feasibility study before investigating transportation infrastructure. The net induced demand can be defined as newly generated trips, but not shifted trips, by some improvements in transportation systems. This study only focused on the net induced demand rather than any other concepts belong to the general term “induced demand”. The net in...

abstract the purpose of this study is investigating factors affect on probability of willingness to pay sugar beet farmers for taking of agricultural extension services. logit model was used for cross sectional data in 2009 between 150 sugar beet farmers that were selected by random sampling in the city of mashhad. in addition, tobit model was used to analyse factors affecting on willingness to...

[1] Transformation processes in the euphotic and mesopelagic zones are of crucial importance to the biological pump and global elemental cycles. In this study, elemental stoichiometries and chemical compositions of particulate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated in the euphotic and upper mesopelagic zones of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The distributions of bacterial bio...

This study measured total osmolarity and concentrations of NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), K(+), soluble carbohydrates, and organic acids in maize seminal roots as a function of distance from the apex, and NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in xylem sap for plants receiving NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-) as a sole N-source, NH(4)(+) plus NO(3)(-), or no nitrogen at all. The disparity between net deposition rates and net exogenou...

In matrix acidizing operations, the main goal is increasing permeability. For production engineers, it is desirable that acid could be injected into whole [M.N.1] [amehri.gh2] pay zone. Sometimes, this pay zone has a long height and various sub-layers which have different permeability values. To prevent acid from going completely into the most permeable sub-layer, one of the useful techniques i...