microglia is a type of glial cell located throughout the central nervous system (cns), which is sensitive to cns injury and disease. responsibility of microglia as the resident macrophage cells for injuries suggests that these cells have the potential to act as diagnostic markers of disease beginning or progression. function of microglia is strongly synchronized by the microenvironment of brain...

in this study, a 2.5-year-old boy suffering from a febrile seizure with normal laboratory tests and a history of immune hemolytic anemia was examined. brain mri demonstrated some tumors in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe that corroborated the pathology results of primary central nervous system lymphoma for the patient. the patient was treated with high- dose of methotrexate. our resul...

amitraz is a triazapentadiene, an α2 adrenergic agonist and a member of the amidine chemical family. a limited number of human intoxication cases have been published in the literature. lack of a clear and specific protocol for the therapy of amitraz intoxication may make its successfully managed case reports useful and valuable for other clinical practitioners in poisoning departments. the case...

fructose consumption has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, and its role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome has been implicated by many studies. it is most often encountered in the diet as sucrose (glucose and fructose) or high-fructose corn syrup (55% fructose). at high levels, dietary exposure to fructose triggers a series of metabolic changes originating in the liver, le...

neuroinflammation as a protective mechanism for repairing tissue damage in the central nervous system (cns), has been classified into two types: acute and chronic. it is characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the increase levels of different chemokines and cytokines. neuroinflammation can be harmful, and it is a common pathological feature in neurodegenerative and psych...

depression is a mental disorder that results from changes in the central nervous system (cns) that may result from immunological abnormalities. according to the world health organization, major depression will become the leading cause of disability worldwide. accumulating evidence has indicated the existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune systems. the...

abstract objective the great majority of patients with childhood leukemia become long-term survivors. they treated with chemotherapy and prophylactic central nervous system (cns) irradiation. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate effect of the long-term toxicity in all survivors, and possible effects of this treatment on their intellectual in compare with their sibling. material...

background: glues are strong, liquid adhesive derived from animal tissues. it has been shown that glue sniffing is associated with demyelinating polyneuropathy. the low molecular weight agents which cause occupational lung disease have generally included the isocyanates exposure to which could result in asthma among workers. toluene is also used widely in glue and adhesive industry and househol...

saffron or crocus sativus l. (c. sativus) has been widely used as a medicinal plant to promote human health, especially in asia. the main components of saffron are crocin, picrocrocin and safranal. the median lethal doses (ld50) of c. sativus are 200 mg/ml and 20.7 g/kg in vitro and in animal studies, respectively. saffron has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of a wide range of d...