BACKGROUND Jet nebulizers constitute the aerosolization devices most frequently used during mechanical ventilation. Continuous nebulization can influence the delivered tidal volume (V(T)) and lead to significant medication loss during expiration. Ventilators thus provide integrated jet nebulization systems that are synchronized during inspiration and ostensibly keep VT constant. METHODS This ...

BACKGROUND As acute lung injury (ALI) caused high mortality rate, it is important to explore the protection and treatment of ALI. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) nebulization on attenuating acute lung injury and the associated mechanism. METHODS The arterial blood gas, total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung wet...

The aim of this study was to determine the biopharmaceutical characteristics of tobramycin (TOB) after nebulization in rats. TOB was administered by intravenous (i.v.) bolus or intratracheal nebulization (3 mg · kg(-1)), and concentrations were determined in plasma and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The ratio of the TOB concentration in ELF to t...

The aim of this study was to determine aztreonam (ATM) membrane permeability using Calu-3 cells and its plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) pharmacokinetics in rats after intratracheal nebulization and intravenous administration (15 mg · kg(-1)). ATM exhibits low Calu-3 permeability (0.07 ± 0.02 × 10(-6) cm · s(-1)), and a high area under the ELF/unbound plasma concentration time...

BACKGROUND A breath-synchronized nebulization option that could potentially improve drug delivery during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is currently not available on single-limb circuit bilevel ventilators. The aim of this study was to compare urinary excretion of amikacin following aerosol delivery with a vibrating mesh nebulizer coupled to a single-limb circuit bilevel vent...

A new micromethod for the determination of copper and zinc is presented. Sample volumes can be as little as 10 (Cu) and 20 (Zn) microliter of plasma or serum, by using discrete (small sample volume) nebulization in place of conventional nebulization in place of conventional nebulization in atomic absorption spectrometry. The present method has slightly poorer precision than the conventional neb...

BACKGROUND Since the late 1980s, there has been considerable clinical and academic interest in the use of continuous aerosolized bronchodilators for the treatment of patients with acute asthma. These studies have suggested that this therapy is safe, is at least as effective as intermittent nebulization, and may be superior to intermittent nebulization in patients with the most severely impaired...

OBJECTIVE To present the evidence regarding the safety of nebulization with 3-5 ml of adrenaline (1:1000) for the treatment of children with acute inflammatory airway obstruction. SOURCES OF DATA An electronic search was undertaken, using mainly Medline databases (January of 1949-July of 2004). The study inclusion criteria for this review were: 1) randomized clinical trial; 2) Patients (up to...

BACKGROUND We sought to compare the accuracy of a newly developed childhood asthma score (CAS) with routine clinical assessment of respiratory status in children with acute asthma in predicting requirements for bronchodilator nebulization. METHODS In this prospective observational study in children 2-18 y old with acute asthma, we evaluated the association between the CAS and routine clinical...