Urban planning rules and considering land use regarding faults can change the consequences of natural hazard such as earthquake. Vulnerability risk is increasing in Region 1 because of existence of the north fault, steep slopes and continuous construction of high-rise buildings. It is clear that Region 1’s Master Plan shouldn’t be prepared without considering natural hazard such as ...

the occurrence of natural and human disasters can create heavy casualties in cities and urban areas and such a critical issue makes it inevitable to pay a great deal of attention to the vulnerability and safety aspects of cities and the accessibility to the urban welfare standards from the perspective of passive defense. the geostrategic location of koohdasht city in iran and its vulnerability ...

Part II of the Survey examines the question of vulnerability. Some countries feel that their economic fortunes are hostage to the interplay of impersonal market forces. Some are frequent victims of natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes. Many others, such as landlocked nations or countries with economies in transition, face more specific obstacles to full engagement in world financia...

The economy of China and the travel needs of its citizens depend significantly on the continuous and reliable services provided by its railway system. However, this system is subject to frequent natural hazards, such as floods, earthquakes, and debris flow. A mechanism to assess the railway system vulnerability under these hazards and the design of effective vulnerability mitigation strategies ...

Those who do not learn from past vulnerabilities are bound to repeat it. Consequently, there have been several research efforts to enumerate and categorize software weaknesses that lead to vulnerabilities. The Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a community developed dictionary of software weakness types and their relationships, designed to consolidate these efforts. Yet, aggregating and class...

in the early years, the rising of the sea level, which is a part of natural treatment, destroyed many buildings, arable lands, residential and commercial areas. it seems that the main reason of these destructions is the diminishing of the legal setback efficiency and the proceeding of human activities. the aim of this study is to introduce the appropriate setback for southern coast of caspian s...

Abstract Under climate change, species unable to track their niche via range shifts are largely reliant on genetic variation adapt and persist. Genomic vulnerability predictions used identify populations that lack the necessary variation, particularly at climate-relevant genes. However, hybridization as a source of novel adaptive is typically ignored in genomic studies. We estimated environment...