Dinoflagellates are not only important marine primary producers and grazers, but also the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms. It has been reported that many dinoflagellate species can produce various natural toxins. These toxins can be extremely toxic and many of them are effective at far lower dosages than conventional chemical agents. Consumption of seafood contaminated by algal t...

INTRODUCTION Poisoning, specifically unintentional poisoning, is a major public health problem in the United States (U.S.). Published literature that presents epidemiology of all forms of poisoning mortalities (i.e., unintentional, suicide, homicide) together is limited. This report presents data and summarizes the evidence on poisoning mortality by demographic and geographic characteristics to...

Puffer fish poisoning is a common seafood poisoning. The problem is due to tetradotoxin (TTX) in puffer fish meat. This toxin is an important natural toxin[1]. It can be seen in many countries with seacoasts[2]. As noted by Hwang and Noguchi, “poisoning cases due to ingestion of TTX-containing marine animals, especially for puffer, have frequently occurred in Asia since a long time ago[3].” Als...

Ricin is one of the most poisonous natural toxins from plants and is classified as a Class B biological threat pathogen by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of U.S.A. Ricin exposure can occur through oral or aerosol routes. Ricin poisoning has a rapid onset and a short incubation period. There is no effective treatment for ricin poisoning. In this study, an aerosolized ricin-...

The effectiveness of poisoning feral goats (Capra hircus L.) with Compound 1080 on natural vegetation baits was tested and compared with a hunting campaign. Both control methods probably killed over 90% of the goats in treatment blocks of 1200 ha, but the poisoning method required less skill than hunting. Melicytus ramiflorus Forst., Schefflera digitata J.R. et G. Forst., Coprosma lucida J.R. e...

Arsenic is natural metalloid which is present in the universe everywhere. It is used for different insecticides and pesticides preparation. Poisoning of arsenic is a major issue that affects different species. Its occurrence is related to contamination of feed and water; therefore, it is matter of concern globally. However, its level of toxicity is increasing very rapidly in Asian countries esp...

Every deaths resulting from poisoning has to be investigated to establish cause of death. Difficulties in clinical diagnosis of poisoning cases is well known because many a time they present with non specific symptoms and signs or the features may simulate natural disease process. Same with Forensic Pathologist as many times postmortem findings are nonspecific. Some poisons are retained in the ...