Al Haram Al Shrif in Makkah is the holiest spot on the earth to Muslims. Every year about 14 million people are visiting the place from around the world, this number is increasing over the coming years. No author so far has been able to offer a fundamental study on its patterns, although there are many studies on Islamic patterns on other Islamic sites like Al Hambra and Al-Andolothia Mosque in...

some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...

traditional persian architects used to employ the facade ornaments to illustrate cultural values and heritage. moreover, their approach for the adaptation of decorations to structural constructional requirements of buildings, called tectonics, could be considered as a cultural-artistic character itself. although these features were omitted when modernism and its independent facade principle pre...

The age-old notion of using naturally occurring or local building materials to construct monumental buildings is a noble one, timeless and deeply rooted in place. While traditional practice all but disappearing from most the world, environmental, social, economic advantages such an approach are too great be ignored by contemporary industry. Al-Jaleel Friday Mosque, located on northern seafront ...

the present paper aims for the most part to prove the fact that religious and spiritual places and above all, mosques play major roles within islamic urban areas. they are in fact the basis of civil infrastructures. a historical analysis focusing on where mosques stand in islamic urban areas reveals that mosques have always been the center of development and growth and that they must be studied...