The present study examined the impact of foreign direct investment, trade, final consumption expenditures, exports and imports goods services on Romanian economic growth. used yearly data ranging from 1990 to 2020, stationarity was checked using unit root testing. An asymmetric (non-linear autoregressive distributed lag) technique employed examine relationship between variables with estimation ...

The paper aims to examine the nonlinear effects of rice, wheat and maize crop production on agricultural growth in India from 1960 2019. Nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) granger causality test are used achieve objective. Bound cointegration establishes long-run relationship among wheat, production, India. Wald confirms asymmetric maize, rice long run. In short run, only for cro...

ABSTRACT In this study, Brazil, Turkey, Australia, Estonia, South Africa (SA), Finland and Sweden are examined by Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL), non-linear ARDL (NARDL) Gregory-Hansen (GRHA) cointegration models for the relationship between emissions growth, coal consumption (CCSP) growth. For growth relationship, environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is investigated. CCSP EKC Brazil ...

The study identifies the impact of changes in human mobility due to announcement state emergency cope with COVID-19 pandemic on Tokyo gasoline, diesel, and kerosene markets. Indices reflecting movements visits transit stations workplaces were used capture from February 2020 2021. linear nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models applied investigate relationship between indices fuel prices. Although only pri...

Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY), yerli yatırım için fon arzını artırarak ev sahibi ülkede sermaye oluşumunu teşvik etmek önemli bir araçtır. Teorik olarak, DYY ile ithalat arasında olumlu veya olumsuz ilişki mevcut olabilir. Dolayısıyla DYY’nin ihracat ve üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, arasındaki Türkiye 1990-2020 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanılarak To...

Climate change can disrupt food availability and reduce access to by affecting agricultural production in the world. Thus, current empirical study investigates impacts of climate on rice over different regions Punjab, Pakistan for period 1979–2018. The bound test co-integration method with autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was used explore symmetric relationship between production. Furtherm...

Abstract With the rapid expansion of RMB exchange rate’s floating range, effects rate and global commodity price changes on China’s stock prices are likely to increase. This study uses both auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) approaches explore symmetric asymmetric prices. Our findings show that without considering critical variable prices, there is no cointegration re...

Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions have been increasing for over four years, making it difficult to achieve the 2030 agenda reduce emissions. Also, in recent decades, Australia has experiencing a rapid increase economic globalization. The critical question of policy concern is, ‘what are environmental implications globalization Australia?’ This article investigates asymmetric effect on carbon...

The nonlinear interaction of oil prices, inflation, the exchange rate, institutional quality, and trade balance on tourist arrivals in Bangladesh is scrutinized this study. technique utilized study, Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), a novel co-integrating strategy. yearly time series data used study spanned 1995 to 2019. NARDL bound test performed assess if variables like are co...