Figure 1. Schematic cross sections through (A) Galicia Margin west of Iberian Peninsula (Boillot et al., 1995) and (B) Jurassic margin of Apulian continent toward Alpine Tethys (Manatschal and Bernoulli, 1999). Inset in B displays present location of margin in Swiss Alps and paleoposition of section in Jurassic time. Abbreviations in A: lcc—lower continental crust; man— mantle; S—S-reflector; s...

Artificial intelligence is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent. In the past few years, the applications of artificial intelligence methods have attracted the attention of many investigators. Many artificial intelligence methods have been applied in various areas of civil and environmental engineering. The aim o...

Chromitites associated with strongly altered peridotite from six distinct localities in the Santa Elena ultramafic nappe (Costa Rica) have been investigated for the first time. Santa Elena chromitites commonly display a compositional variation from extremely chromiferous (Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.81) to intermediate and aluminous (Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.54). This composition varies along a continuous trend, correspo...

Abstract Continent-derived tectonic units in the Tauern Window of Alps exhibit stratigraphic and structural traces extension continental margins eventually leading to opening Alpine Tethys. In this study, we reassess lithostratigraphic data from central part reconstruct post-Variscan evolution area, particularly rift-related geometry European margin. The lithostratigraphy nappes reflects system...

Abstract Metabasic rocks of the ophiolitic sequences Glockner Nappe and Eclogite Zone in south-central Tauern Window, Austria, reveal important insights into rifting spreading Alpine Tethys. U–Pb dating magmatic zircons yields a concordant 157 ± 2 Ma crystallization age for precursor coarse-grained metagabbro from Nappe. The Late Jurassic intrusion is coeval with mafic plutonic activity Western...

The Beyşehir–Hoyran–Hadim Nappes crop out over 700 km from NW to SE. Above a regionally autochthonous Tauride carbonate platform the Beyşehir–Hoyran Nappes begin with a thrust sheet (c. 400 m) of mainly redeposited carbonates, quartzose sandstones and mudstones of Mid–Late Triassic age, interpreted as a proximal slope–base-of-slope succession. Above is a thrust sheet (c. 1 km) of Middle–Upper T...

a present , il coule, annuellement, vers la ville de teheran, environ 191 millions de m3 d'eaux purif'iecs de karadj et de djajroud , dont 114 millio de m3 s' in filtrent apres l'usage, dans la nappe souterraine de la ville. mais la surface de 1a nappe stqua nd merne, dans un etat d' equilibre . l 'arret d'infiltration des eaux usees, par suite de mise en oeuv...

We report compositional, microstructural and seismic properties from 24 samples collected the Middle Allochthon (Seve Nappe) of central Scandinavian Caledonides, its bounding shear zones. The stem both field outcrops continental drilling project COSC-1 include quartzofeldspathic gneisses, hornblende amphibolites, marbles, calc-silicates, quartzites mica schists, medium to high-strain. Seismic v...

Abstract The Ötztal Nappe in the Eastern Alps is a thrust sheet of Variscan metamorphic basement rocks and their Mesozoic sediment cover. It has been argued that main part its southeastern part, Texel Complex, belong to two different Austroalpine nappe systems are separated by major tectonic contact. Different locations have proposed for this boundary. We use microprobe mapping garnet structura...

A chute is characterized by a steep bed slope associated with torrential flow. This chute flow may be either smooth or stepped. The flow conditions in stepped channels are classified as nappe flow, transition flow and skimming flow. In this paper, hydraulic characteristics of flow regimes on the stepped channels are presented systematically under a wide range of discharge, channel slope and ste...