The nail unit is constructed by distinctly regulated components. The nail isthmus is a lately proposed region as a transitional zone between the most distal part of the nail bed and the hyponychium. It is difficult to recognize the nail isthmus in the normal nail, but it is easy to identify the region in nail disorders such as pterygium inversum unguis and ectopic nail. We describe structure an...

Yellow nail syndrome is a rare disease of unclear etiology. We describe a patient who develops yellow nail syndrome, with primary nail and sinus manifestations, shortly after amalgam dental implants. A study of the patient's nail shedding showed elevated nail titanium levels. The patient had her dental implants removed and had complete resolution of her sinus symptoms with no change in her nail...

The purpose of our study was to compare the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA; Synthes, Paoli, Pennsylvania) with a reconstruction nail (Recon; Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) in the treatment of comminuted proximal femoral fractures. Between 2003 and 2010, twenty-three consecutive patients with AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association 31-A3 fractures combined with proximal 32 fractures who had a mini...

OBJECTIVE To report clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up of nail lichen planus in children. DESIGN Retrospective study involving 15 children with nail lichen planus. SETTING Outpatient consultation for nail disorders at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We diagnosed nail lichen planus in ...

The nail is a specialized keratinous skin appendage that grows approximately 2 to 3 mm per month, with complete replacement achieved in 6 to 9 months. Although this structure can be easily overlooked, nail disorders comprise approximately 10% of all dermatologic conditions. This contribution first provides an overview on the basic anatomy of the nail that will delineate between the nail unit (e...

Because nail psoriasis is difficult to treat, therapy with many biological drugs has been attempted. Ustekinumab is approved for chronic plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with some trials reporting nail improvement using this agent. A 51-year-old man with severe chronic plaque psoriasis had severe involvement of all fingernails and toenails, with accompanying nail fold psoriasis. ...

Nail dermoscopy was initially used only in the assessment of nail pigmentation, but now it is widely utilized for the evaluation of many nail disorders. In daily practice, dermoscopy may confirm clinical diagnoses and guides in the management of nail diseases and treatments, permitting a better visualization of symptoms. Dry dermoscopy is required for evaluation of the nail plate surface, while...

The nail unit is a dynamic complex which forms an important part of the integument. This complex consists of the nail matrix (NM), nail bed (NB), hyponychium, nail fold (NF) and the nail plate (NP). Cells of the nail matrix, under the protection of the proximal nail fold mature and keratinised to form the NP. The NM contributes to the most portion of the NP while about 10-15% is produced by the...