background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic neurological disease that affects brain and spinal cord. the infratentorial region contains the cerebellum and brainstem. vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (vemps) are short-latency myogenic responses. cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cvemp) is a manifestation of vestibulocolic reflex and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potent...

The development of myogenic cells is mainly determined by expression of two myogenic factors, Myf5 and Myod1 (MyoD), which genetically compensate for each other during embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate by conditional cell ablation in mice that Myf5 determines a distinct myogenic cell population, which also contains some Myod1-positive cells. Ablation of this lineage uncovers the presence of a...

Myogenic differentiation is a highly orchestrated, multistep process that is coordinately regulated by growth factors and cell adhesion. We show here that integrin-linked kinase (ILK), an intracellular integrin- and PINCH-binding serine/threonine protein kinase, is an important regulator of myogenic differentiation. ILK is abundantly expressed in C2C12 myoblasts, both before and after induction...

The intrinsic ability of resistance arteries to respond to transmural pressure is the single most important determinant of their function. Despite an ever-growing catalogue of signalling pathways that underlie the myogenic response, it remains an enigmatic mechanism. The myogenic response's mechanistic diversity has largely been attributed to 'hard-wired' differences across species and vascular...

Myogenic cells migrate into the limb from the somitic mesoderm, taking up positions in the dorsal and ventral compartments before differentiating into the limb musculature. This process is influenced by the tissues of the limb in a number of ways. Cells of the lateral part of the somitic dermomyotome are induced to express a migratory myogenic phenotype by a diffusible signal originating in the...

AIMS Mechanogated ion channels are predicted to mediate pressure-induced myogenic vasoconstriction in small resistance arteries. Recent findings have indicated that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are involved in mechanotransduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TRP channels and ENaC in the myogenic response. Our prev...

We show that muscle satellite cells, traditionally considered as committed myogenic precursors, are comprised of Pax7-expressing progenitors that preserve a mesenchymal repertoire extending beyond a mere myogenic potential. Mouse satellite cells from freshly isolated single myofibers, cultured individually in serum-rich growth medium, produced myogenic and non-myogenic clones. Only the myogenic...

Muscle side population (SP) cells are rare myogenic progenitors distinct from satellite cells, the known tissue-specific stem cells of skeletal muscle. Studies in mice demonstrated that muscle SP cells give rise to satellite cells in vivo. Given that muscle SP cells are heterogeneous, it has been difficult to prospectively enrich for myogenic progenitors within the SP fraction, particularly fro...

Oxidative stress mediated by pro-oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. However, the effect of pro-oxidants on myogenic regulation of vascular function and the differential influence of gender is not known. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an intracellular enzyme restricts excess pro-oxidant levels and may limit vascular dysfunction. We therefore tested the effects o...

AIMS The goal of the current study was to determine whether the sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway is involved in myogenic vasoconstriction under normal physiological conditions. In the present study, we assessed whether endogenous S1P generated by pressure participates in myogenic vasoconstriction and which signaling pathways are involved in SK1/S1P-induced myogen...