To initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, Plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinases that are necessary to cross the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix en route to invading the epithelial cell surface. To investigate chitinases as potential immunological targets of blocking malaria parasite transmission to mosquitoes, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was identified that neutralized the enzymatic a...

The efficacy of 5 antimalarial drugs was evaluated on P. gallinaceum infected broilers. One hundred and forty-seven 19-day-old broilers were divided into 7 groups of 21 chicks each. Group 1 was the unmedicated, uninfected control. Groups 2-6 were infected and medicated with artesunate, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine and an artesunate-primaquine combination, respectively. Group 7 was the u...

Abstract Since 2008/2009, the population of free-ranging ring-necked pheasants was recorded to decrease all over Germany. Various Mycoplasma ( M .) spp. are causing severe respiratory signs in captive game bird species. Furthermore, M. gallisepticum is responsible for massive die-offs consequence conjunctivitis house finches USA. Therefore, prevalence mycoplasmas investigated and a potential im...

BACKGROUND Co-occurrence of malaria and filarial worm parasites has been reported, but little is known about the interaction between filarial worm and malaria parasites with the same Anopheles vector. Herein, we present data evaluating the interaction between Wuchereria bancrofti and Anopheles punctulatus in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our field studies in PNG demonstrated that An. punctulatus util...

Infection and transmission of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum in domestic chickens is associated with high economic burden and presents a major challenge to poultry industry in South East Asia. Development of drugs targeting both asexual blood stage parasites and sexual stages of the avian malarias will be beneficial for malaria treatment and eradication. However, current drug...

vian malaria, epidemic in Thailand’s chicken farms, is caused by Plasmodium gallinaceum. The standard method for detecting avian malaria is microscopic diagnosis, but parasites may go undetected in light infections. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect P. gallinaceum DNA in infected fresh-blood samples by nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Primers were designed from ...

Indirect evidence has suggested the existence of a second chitinase gene, PgCHT2, in the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum. We have now identified PgCHT2 as the orthologue of the P. falciparum chitinase gene PfCHT1, a malaria transmission-blocking target. Computational phylogenetic evidence and biochemical and cell biological functional data support the hypothesis that an avian-rela...

The development of transmission-blocking vaccines is one approach to malaria control. To identify novel Plasmodium zygote- and ookinete-secreted proteins as targets of blocking malaria transmission, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against parasite-secreted proteins found in Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinete culture supernatants. Four MAbs-1A6, 2A5, 2B5, and 4B6-were identified that bou...

one of the main problems in cell culture is mycoplasma infection. it can extensively affect cell physiology and metabolism. as the applications of cell culture increase in research, industrial production and cell therapy, more concerns about mycoplasma contamination and detection will arise. this review will provide valuable information about: 1. the ways in which cells are contaminated and the...