Human feces from 223 Japanese in Hawaii at high risk for colon cancer and feces from 166 Japanese of northern rural Japan at low risk for colon cancer were shown to contain mutagenic activity under five different test conditions. The first assay, using the Ames TA98 and TA100 Salmonella test, detected ether-soluble mutagens in the presence and absence of rat liver microsomes. Of these, the TA98...

Naturally occurring anti-mutagenic principles present in plants, human diet and other sources have protective effects against mutagens. Anthraquinones (AQs) considered one of the major plant phenolic pigments that contain many members, have evidenced the capability for inhibiting the mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium of a number of mutagens. Not only genotoxicity/carcinogenesis is caus...

Mutation assay with Salmonella typhimurium enabled us to detect various types of mutagens in cooked foods. A series of mutagenic heterocyclic amines has been isolated and identified in broiled fish and meat and in pyrolyzates of amino acids and proteins. Feeding experiments showed these mutagens to be carcinogenic in mice and rats. The mechanism of formation and pathway of metabolic activation ...

Cumin is an important spice that has been used for centuries in various cuisines around the world. Two cumin varieties (GC 3 and GC 4) were subjected to mutation understand macromutational modifications. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) @ 0.6% gamma rays (190 Gy) significantly reduced germination plant survival percentage as compared 0.2% EMS 130 Gy. Physical mutagens showed higher suravival than...

Levels of bacterial mutagenicity 3-17 times above spontaneous are generated during commercial thermal processing (canning) of foods, particularly foods high in protein. The potential for other processing operations, including pasteurization, dehydration, and concentration, to produce substances active in the Ames Salmonella assay was also examined. Two heated fish model systems, canned salmon a...

Cooking, heat processing, or pyrolysis of protein-rich foods induce the formation of a series of structurally related heterocyclic aromatic bases that have been found to be mutagens. The primary genetic assay utilized to detect and isolate these mutagens has been the his reversion assay in Salmonella typhimurium. The classification and nomenclature of these chemicals is revised to reflect recen...

The effect of chemical mutagens on the induction of mitotic chromosomal aberrations in diploid Allium cepa and tetraploid Allium vineale has been studied. In inducing chromosomal aberrations in case of both diploid and tetraploid Allium all the mutagens were found to be effective . Mitotic irregularities were higher in tetraploid species as compared with the diploid species. All types of chemic...

Mutation induction is considered as an effective way to enrich plant genetic variation, particularly for traits with a very low level of genetic variation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different dosages of chemical mutagens on seed germination, seed viability and seedling growth characteristics and to identify optimum treatment conditions for chemical mutagens bas...

We have demonstrated that the pyrolysis products of amino acids and proteins in model systems are mutagenic. The mutagenic principles in the pyrolyzates of amino acids have been isolated and identified by Sugimura et al. We have isolated and identified amino-alpha-carbolines from pyrolyzed soybean globulin as mutagens. The yield of mutagens by the heating of food constituents is changed by the ...