Let (A, ∆) be a multiplier Hopf algebra. In general, the underlying algebra A need not have an identity and the coproduct ∆ does not map A into A ⊗ A but rather into its multiplier algebra M (A ⊗ A). In this paper, we study some tools that are frequently used when dealing with such multiplier Hopf algebras and that are typical for working with algebras without identity in this context. The basi...

in this paper, we introduce the notion of multiplier in -algebra and study relationships between multipliers and some special mappings, likeness closure operators, homomorphisms and ( -derivations in -algebras. we introduce the concept of idempotent multipliers in bl-algebra and weak congruence and obtain an interconnection between idempotent multipliers and weak congruences. also, we introduce...

In this paper we shall study the multipliers on Banach algebras and We prove some results concerning Arens regularity and amenability of the Banach algebra M(A) of all multipliers on a given Banach algebra A. We also show that, under special hypotheses, each Jordan multiplier on a Banach algebra without order is a multiplier. Finally, we present some applications of m...

‎The Mod $2$ Steenrod algebra is a Hopf algebra that consists of the primary cohomology operations‎, ‎denoted by $Sq^n$‎, ‎between the cohomology groups with $mathbb{Z}_2$ coefficients of any topological space‎. ‎Regarding to its vector space structure over $mathbb{Z}_2$‎, ‎it has many base systems and some of the base systems can also be restricted to its sub algebras‎. ‎On the contrary‎, ‎in ...