Purpose: To develop a multiplex-urease PCR assay specific for ureA and ureB genes directly from gastric biopsy specimens and compare the results of multiplex-urease PCR assay with rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathology. Methodology: This study was conducted on 109 patients. A RUT was run; histopathological staining and multiplex urease PCR were applied to biopsy specimen to detect H. pylori...

The interactions among the elementary components of many complex systems can be qualitatively different. Such systems are therefore naturally described in terms of multiplex or multilayer networks, i.e., networks where each layer stands for a different type of interaction between the same set of nodes. There is today a growing interest in understanding when and why a description in terms of a m...

botulism is a serious paralytic disease caused by clostridium botulinum toxin in foods. there are seven recognized serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins among which the principal prevalent types in humans include a, b and e. infant botulism results from intestinal colonization and toxin production by c. botulinum spores in babies less than 1 year old. honey is the most important food discriminated...

Multiplex systems are a family of cryptosystems whose origin can be traced to Thomas Jefferson. They were not used extensively until the period just prior to World War II. The characteristic feature of a multiplex system is that it permits the encipherer to select the cipher text. This paper traces the history of multiplex systems and examines their cryptographic aspects. The working of one of ...