this study was planned to determine hiv seroprevalence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients, to characterize the isolated mycobacteria into typical and atypical strains and to evaluate the drug resistant pattern of mycobacterial isolates. the study aims to correlate multidrug resistance (mdr) and hiv seropositivity status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. during the year 1994-1997, 750 pulmo...

A major problem in treating cancer is the development of drug resistance. We previously demonstrated doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in K562 human leukemia cells that was associated with upregulation of glyoxalase 1 (GLO-1) and histone H3 expression. The thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TRG) downregulated GLO-1 expression and further upregulated histone H3 expression and post-translational modifica...

analysis of  receptor–ligand  interactions  in  the  context  of  diseases  necessitates  to understand how hla–kir genotypes function in diseases. although cd56+  lymphocytes are derived from multiple lineages, they share a functional association with immunosurviellance and antimicrobial responses. the present study aimed to determine whether kir phenotype in cd56 lymphocytes and corresponding...

conclusions this study detected multiple drug resistance (mdr) in p. aeruginosa including aminoglycosides. therefore, identification of drug resistance patterns in p. aeruginosa is of great importance in prevention and control of infections in burn patient centers. background the prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides among p. aeruginosa isolates has increased all around the world. the res...

Continuous deployment of antifungals in treating infections caused by dimorphic opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has led to the emergence of drug resistance resulting in cross-resistance to many unrelated drugs, a phenomenon termed multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite the current understanding of major factors which contribute to MDR mechanisms, there are many lines of evidence suggesting...

Increased expression of the multidrug resistance gene (mdr-1/P-170) and the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene have been implicated in the development of in vitro drug resistance. Overexpression, with or without gene amplification, is seen in the development of drug resistance in culture and it has been postulated that genetic modulation of mdr-1/P-170 and DHFR may also be involved in the deve...

aims: cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that can lead to severe dehydration and death. antibiotic resistance is a big challenge in infective disease like cholera. the present study aimed to understand the characteristics and trends of antibiotic resistance of v. cholerae isolations in and around kashan, iran. instrument & methods: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, samples were gath...

conclusions the result of the current study showed the growing number of nosocomial infections associated with xdr a. baumannii causing difficulties in antibiotic therapy. resistant strains increasingly cause public health problems; therefore, their early detection is essential for healthcare centers. results among the 121 isolated a. baumannii, 44% and 56% were isolated from female and male, r...

The development of drug resistance in the treatment of cancer remains a major problem. The hallmark of multidrug resistance is cross-resistance to multiple structurally unrelated compounds. The MDR-1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein mediates one of the most extensively studied mechanisms of drug resistance. Previous studies led to the proposal that two promoters control expression of the MDR-1 gene...

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to curative cancer chemotherapy. The ATP-Binding Cassette transporters ABCG2, ABCB1 and ABCC2 form a unique defense network against multiple structurally and functionally distinct chemotherapeutics, thereby resulting in MDR. Thus, deciphering novel mechanisms of MDR and their overcoming is a major goal of cancer research. Recently we have shown t...