This study investigated the accuracy of scores assigned by self-, peer-, and teacher assessors over time. Thirty-three English majors who were taking paragraph development course at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan and two instructors who had been teaching essay writing for at least two years at university, participated in the study. After receiving instructions on paragraph development, part...

PURPOSE Patient-reported outcomes are traditionally measured with questionnaires and many have been developed to measure Vision-Related Activity Limitation (VRAL; visual disability or visual functioning), Symptoms, and Quality Of Life (QOL). These vary in quality and can be classified as First or Second Generation instruments. First generation instruments are characterized by simple summary sco...

Rasch analysis is an increasingly popular approach to questionnaire reduction and the validation of outcome measures, and is rapidly overtaking the standard classical test theory approaches of Cronbach’s alpha and Factor Analysis. Data from outcome measures, in which the items are intended for summation to create an overall ordinal score, are tested against the expectations of the Rasch measure...

This paper deals with the reliability of composite measurement consisting of true-false items obeying the Rasch model. A definition of reliability in the Rasch model is proposed and the connection to the classical definition of reliability is shown. As a modification of the classical estimator Cronbach’s alpha, a new estimator logistic alpha is proposed. Finally, the properties of the new estim...

Building on Wright and Masters (1982), several Rasch estimation methods are briefly described, including Marginal Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MMLE) and minimum chi-square methods. General attributes of Rasch estimation algorithms are discussed, including the handling of missing data, precision and accuracy, estimate consistency, bias and symmetry. Reasons for, and the implications of, measur...

A recent paper by Lundgren-Nilsson & Tennant (1) and accompanying commentary (2) reviewed the development of Rasch analysis in rehabilitation. The authors of the two papers acknowledge the advances that have been made in terms of analysis. However, they did not highlight an important issue with regards to the use of Rasch measures once developed. We believe this is a fundamental issue that need...

Abstract Summary writing is essential for academic success, and has attracted renewed interest in research large-scale language test. However, less attention been paid to the development evaluation of scoring scales summary writing. This study reports on validation a rubric that represented an approach scale with limited resources out consideration practicality. Participants were 83 students th...

The basic theory of Rasch measurement applies to situations where a person has a certain level of a trait being investigated, and this level of ability is what determines (to within a measurement error) how well the person does on each item in a test. This paper responds to frequent suggestions from colleagues that the use of Rasch measurement would be profitable in analysing a set of data on s...

UNLABELLED Pain management outcomes assessment depends on valid measurement of pain. However, the validity of single-item scales, such as numeric or faces scales, with the assignment of ordinal numerical values to response scale categories, is questionable. The universal assumption that equal distances between response choices represent equal distances on the dimension being measured is essenti...

There are very few studies in Spain that treat underachievement rigorously, and those that do are typically related to gifted students. The present study examined the proportion of underachieving students using the Rasch measurement model. A sample of 643 first-year high school students (mean age = 12.09; SD = 0.47) from 8 schools in the province of Alicante (Spain) completed the Battery of Dif...