Dear Editor, We thank to Dr Mubarak for his interest in and comment on our article “IgM nephropathy in children: clinicopathologic analysis”. We agree with Dr, Mubarak that IgM nephropathy (IgMN) is a very controversial entity, with variable deinitions in the different case series published. As in all series of glomerulopathy cases, the percentage frequency variability depends largely on the su...

sociopolitical developments have deep connections with the growth and expansion of the middle class. one of the features of modernizing societies is emergence and growth of middle class.egypt, a great arab country, over the past two centuries has a long experience of modernization as a result of which it has been a ground for social developments. besides the islamist groups, other new currents,...

The title of this report, ‘After the Arab Spring: Power Shift in the Middle East?’, deliberately ends with a question mark. The events over the year and a half since the death of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia, have left the politics of the Middle East in tumult. The Arab Spring has certainly resulted in a change of regime in Tunisia and then Egypt. The uprisings against Gaddafi’s regime triggered...

Dear Editor, We thank to Dr Mubarak for his interest in and comment on our article “IgM nephropathy in children: clinicopathologic analysis”. We agree with Dr, Mubarak that IgM nephropathy (IgMN) is a very controversial entity, with variable definitions in the different case series published. As in all series of glomerulopathy cases, the percentage frequency variability depends largely on the s...

This clinical note describes the case of a nine-year-old girl with classical Volkmann's contracture of the left forearm. The report demonstrates the results and follow-up of conservative orthotic management used as a mode of treatment by a multidisciplinary team. When using an orthosis it is essential to check regularly to attain the desired result. Introduction In an anatomic compartment, musc...

The majority of the social and political forces that spearheaded actively participated in 2011 2013 waves uprisings catapulted demands to reestablish ‘citizenship’ as one main foundations a new contract aiming at redefining state–society relations Egypt. Meanwhile, concept citizenship has been increasingly featured discourse practice wide variety state actors institutions. In fact, Egypt’s expe...

On January 28, 2011, Egypt’s President, Hosni Mubarak, took the drastic and unprecedented step of shutting off the Internet for five days across an entire nation. His reason for doing so was simple: to halt the flow of communication and coordinated assembly taking place over social media platforms, like Facebook and Twitter. That Mubarak took this desperate step — which cost Egypt an estimated ...