The MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) is based on a profile of the MPLS and Pseudowire (PW) procedures as specified in the MPLS Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE), PW, and Multi-Segment Pseudowire (MS-PW) architectures developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) has specified a Transport Network ar...

The development of technology and communication is expanding rapidly. In this case, the internet has become a vital necessity in globalization. Technological innovations are required to create seamless, fast, secure system. This research aims evaluate Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) implementation by applying Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology. study adhered seve...

This document presents an applicability of existing MPLS protection mechanisms, both local and end-to-end, to the MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) in ring topologies. This document does not propose any new mechanisms or protocols. Requirements for MPLS-TP protection especially for protection in ring topologies are discussed in "Requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile" (RFC 5654) and "MPLS Tra...

We first review the history of MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) in order to later introduce photonic MPLS. As an emerging technology for carrying IP traffic over photonic networks, we next discuss IP over WDM networks based on the MPLS technology (λ-MPLS). Then, an optical code label switching technique and its application to MPLS (OC-MPLS) is introduced. We extensively compare advantages ...

The MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) supports static provisioning of transport paths via a Network Management System (NMS) and dynamic provisioning of transport paths via a control plane. This document provides the framework for MPLS-TP dynamic provisioning and covers control-plane addressing, routing, path computation, signaling, traffic engineering, and path recovery. MPLS-TP uses GMPLS as th...

The explosive growth of the Internet and the advent of sophisticated services require an epoch-making change. As an alternative that can take in it, MPLS was proposed. Recently, many efforts and activities on MPLS have already been initiated, which prompt the necessity of MPLS simulator that can evaluate and analyze newly proposed MPLS techniques. This paper describes design, implementation, an...

VPN efficiently connects Intranet sites which are distributed over wide areas. Internet based VPN has lots of merits, such as flexibility in network configuration, expansibility, and low operational cost compared to existing leased line private network. Since the request of reliable information exchange through Internet is increasing explosively, and the MPLS network can offer efficient traffic...

This document specifies the requirements for the management of equipment used in networks supporting an MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP). The requirements are defined for specification of network management aspects of protocol mechanisms and procedures that constitute the building blocks out of which the MPLS Transport Profile is constructed. That is, these requirements indicate what management...

We report improvements in the extraction of milk phospholipids (MPLs) from beta-serum, a dairy byproduct, by applying ultrasound prior to tertiary amine extraction. Three acoustic intensities (15.53 ± 1.20, 31.76 2.46, or 44.56 3.47 W cm−2) were applied for 4 min before (N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, CyNMe2). The extracted lipids fractionated solid phase-microextraction, and recovered MPLs quant...

(ABSTRACT) This thesis proposes a multi-protocol label switching (MPLS)-based architecture to provide quality of service (QoS) for both internet service provider (ISP) networks and backbone Internet Protocol (IP) networks that are heterogeneous in nature. Heterogeneous networks are present due to the use of different link-layer mechanisms in the current Internet. Copper-based links, fiber-based...