BACKGROUND Non-replicating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine candidates could potentially prime for enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) due to a T-cell-mediated immunopathology, following RSV infection. Vaccines with built-in immune response modifiers, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, may avoid such aberrant imprinting of the immune system. METHODS We developed reconstituted R...

The incidence of multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma (MPLA) is increasing, and it is important to distinguish MPLA from intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) in order to determine the therapeutic strategy. However, there is no reliable method to differentiate between the two. The purpose of this study was to distinguish MPLA from IPM based on the gene status of EGFR and K-ras and the morphological N...

BACKGROUND A widely prevalent disease, toxoplasmosis poses serious health threats to both humans and animals; therefore, development of an ideal DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii is needed eagerly. The purpose of the present study is to assess the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the T. gondii toxofilin gene (pEGFP-toxofilin). In addition, toxofilin DNA vaccine combined with th...

This paper presents a compact multiple-valued maskprogrammable logic array (MPLA) based on a MINITSUM (MINimunl/Truncated-SU~~ two-level synthesis, A universal literal in the MIN plane is decomposed into a threshold literal and a logic-value conversion (LVC) that is shared in the same column of the MINplane. Since a threshold literal can be designed by using a singlejoating-gate MOS transistor,...

Pulmonary vaccination is a promising route for immunization against tuberculosis because the lung is the natural site of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Yet, adjuvants with a suitable safety profile need to be found to enhance mucosal immunity to recombinant antigens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity, the safety and the protective efficacy of a subunit vaccine...

A fully synthetic carbohydrate-based cancer vaccine is an attractive concept, but an important topic in the area is to develop proper vaccine carriers that can improve the immunogenicity and other immunological properties of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). In this context, four monophosphoryl derivatives of Neisseria meningitidis lipid A were synthesized via a highly convergent ...

α-2,9-Polysialic acid is an important capsular polysaccharide expressed by serotype C Neisseria meningitidis. Its protein conjugates are current vaccines against group C meningitis. To address some concerns about traditional protein conjugate vaccines, a new type of fully synthetic vaccines composed of oligosialic acids and glycolipids was explored. In this regard, α-2,9-linked di-, tri-, tetra...

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a low-toxicity derivative of LPS with immunomodulating properties. Nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation immunomodulatory agents may allow for effective delivery to tumor sites as well draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and stimulation anti-tumor immune responses while minimizing systemic side effects. Our bioadhesive NP (BNP) platform has been used chemotherapy drugs enhanc...

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral brochiolitis in infants and young children and is also a significant problem in elderly and immuno-compromised adults. To date there is no efficacious and safe RSV vaccine, partially because of the outcome of a clinical trial in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV). This vaccine caused enhanced respiratory disease...

There is growing interest in the use of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) as a potential target for immunotherapy. However, the molecular bases that drive the differentiation of monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) toward a tolerogenic state are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the transcriptional profile of moDCs from healthy subjects, modulated with dexamethasone (Dex) and activated with ...