We report design and fabrication process of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) actuators for a new type of optical switch integrated with photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides. Thin film poly-silicon electrostatic microactuator (either a cantilever or a bridge style) is placed over a PhC waveguide to induce optical modulation by means of mechanical motion in the evanescent fields. For low volt...

Bridge expansion joints (BEJs) are equipped at the girder end of long-span railway bridges to ensure reliable transition track. BEJs should have suitable dynamic stiffness running safety and stability vehicle. To explore influence vertical on response vehicle, track, bridge, a three-dimensional vehicle-track-bridge coupled model is established, sleeper spacing vehicle speed taken into considera...

Maritime management is a crucial concern for movable bridge safety. Irregular of water vehicles near bridges may lead to collision among ships and infrastructures, causing massive losses life property. The paper presents theoretical framework simulation an intelligent vehicle system corresponding traffic responses. regime around the considered in virtually separated domains estimate desired saf...

When the Old Naga Hammady Barrage has been constructed in 1930, it had a navigation lock on the western side of the barrage. In 1993, a new navigation lock has been constructed in the western side of the old lock. Each lock has a movable bridge to allow the high ships to pass from north to south and vice versa. The bridge of the new navigation lock is suffering from technical problems pampering...

a new design for replacing a missing anterior tooth is described. in this article, a lingually fixed partial denture, its advantages, disadvantages, indication and contraindications have been explained. the ability of this design to replace a single missing central or lateral incisor is discussed.

Digitization has brought the five hundred-year-old Gutenberg era to an end. Gutenberg’s press opened the gates to our modern rational, secular world. The cultural impact of today’s digital technologies, which will bring multilingual literacy to the far corners of the earth, foreshadows far greater changes. Gutenberg’s contemporaries could not begin to imagine the effect of movable type on the c...

The bridge has been a crucial element of the transportation system U.S.A. for many years. National Bridge Inventory (NBI) reported more than 615,000 national bridges in 2018. Maintaining and fixing is task agencies to keep road network connected. Louisiana, which 12,899 bridges, was selected as study site this study. American Road Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA) 2019 that 13% all Lo...