While economic deterrence models are fully based on maximizing economic utility; social psychology models explain human behavior by examining the underlying attitudes, norms and beliefs. Tax morale is defined as the intrinsic motivation to pay taxes. However, determinants of tax morale need to be investigated for a more comprehensive understanding of tax morale. In this paper we analyze the mos...

" I t is b e c o m i n g inc reas ing ly c l e a r t h a t t he adm i n i s t r a t i o n is unab le to a c t e ^ e c t i v e l y in imp l e m e n t i n g th is p r o g r a m , " t he union p r e s i d e n t sa id . " W h a t h a s r e su l t ed is confus ion in m a n y work loca t ions and even chaos in o the r s . We a r e u rg ing any e m p l o y e e s who fee l t h a t t hey w e r e un fa i...

PURPOSE The aim of this research was to derive network types among an elderly population and to examine the relationship of network type to morale. DESIGN AND METHODS Secondary analysis of data compiled by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (n = 2,079) was employed, and network types were derived through K-means cluster analysis. Respondents' morale scores were regressed on network type...

PURPOSE To test a model of the path from Activity Limitation (postural instability) to participation (morale), taking account of the influence of psychological variables of appraisal, emotion and self-efficacy. Also to attempt to define whether elderly people with fear of falling are fearful because they are posturally unstable or because they are generally anxious. METHOD Elderly inpatients ...

Changes in mental and physical health, morale and social functioning were assessed in a random sample of elderly women widowed during the course of an 8-year study, compared with never-married and still-married controls. The sample as a whole showed age-related declines in mental and physical health. As a function of ageing there were increases in personal disturbance and in physical health pro...

This paper attempts to test the morale theory of nominal wage rigidity by identifying the causal effect of pay cuts on workers’ income satisfaction and work morale. This paper uses the current deflationary recession in Japan to estimate this causal effect. Our original survey of Japanese firms and their employees conducted in 2000 revealed that about 17 percent of our sample experienced a nomin...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common bacterial infections in women of all ages but the incidence increases with older age. Despite the fact that UTI is a common problem it is still poorly investigated regarding its connection with experienced health and morale. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a diagnosed, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) ...

OBJECTIVE to describe morale among the oldest old, and to investigate which social, functional and medical factors are associated with morale in this population. DESIGN a cross-sectional study. SETTING a population-based study in the municipality of Umeå, a city in Northern Sweden. SUBJECTS half of the 85-year-old population, and the total population of 90-year-olds and > or = 95-year-old...