Many statues of doctors have been erected in Paris. Sadly, many bronze monuments were deliberately destroyed during the Second World War, including memorials to Claude Bernard, Broca, Charcot, Pean, Raspail and Ricord, and to Berlioz who was a medical student in Paris. Only those of Bernard and Berlioz were replaced after the war. Bronzes of Bichat, Clemenceau, Pinel and the Barons Larrey (Domi...

THE history of anesthesiology is one commemorated by several monuments. The most recognized memorial is the Ether Monument, erected in the Boston Public Garden in 1868. While many anesthesiologists are familiar with this sculpture, there are other less-known memorials related to the introduction of surgical inhalation anesthesia and to the claimants to its discovery. This article discusses some...

In this project, the task of architecture classification for monuments and buildings from the Indian subcontinent was explored. Five major classes of architecture were taken and various supervised learning methods, both probabilistic and nonprobabilistic, were experimented with in order to classify the monuments into one of the five categories. The categories were: ’Ancient’, ’British’, ’IndoIs...

T h i s p r es en t a t i o n e xa m i n es s u r v e y m on u m e n t s in t h e c o n t e x t o f o u r l e ga l s y s t e m . I t b e g i n s by e s ta b l i s h in g f u n da m e n ta l t e r mi n o l o gy a n d c o n c e p ts t ha t h a ve b e e n m is u n d er s t o o d o r m is a p p l i e d b y s ur v e y o rs . T h e r e l a t i o ns h i p be t w e e n m o n u m e n ts a n d la n d t i...

Urban monuments encompass a wide range of architectural works either intentionally or unintentionally. These works are often salient due to their inherently explicit or hidden components and qualities in the urban context. Therefore, they affect the mental-spatial representations of the environment and make the city legible. However, the ambiguity of effective components often complicates their...