We investigate all the four-body graviton interaction processes: gX → γX, gX → gX, and gg → gg with X as an elementary particle of spin less than two in the context of linearized gravity except the spin-3/2 case. We show explicitly that gravitational gauge invariance and Lorentz invariance cause every four-body graviton scattering amplitude to be factorized. We explore the implications of this ...

Introduction MontanideTM ISA 51 VG and MontanideTM ISA 720 VG are adjuvants dedicated to human therapeutic vaccines. The adjuvants are rendering stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions when mixed with water phase. In these formulations the active ingredients are entrapped in droplets of water surrounded by continuous oil phase. It allows a protection against degradation and slow release of the acti...

We have investigated the orbital phase dependence of the X-ray spectrum of the High Mass X-ray Binary pulsar GX 301–2. Here we present the results from a spectral analysis of two sets of observations of GX 301–2 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Of particular interest are the variations of the absorption column density and the iron line flux along with other parameters of the spectra...

The present study was conducted to compare aqueous nanoparticle-based Montanide™ IMS 1313 N VG PR (IMS 1313) and oil-based ISA 71 VG (ISA71) adjuvants in combination with an Eimeria subunit protein vaccine on protection against avian coccidiosis. Male broiler chicks were vaccinated twice with an Eimeria recombinant profilin protein alone or in conjunction with IMS 1313 or ISA 71 prior to infect...

There is an urgent need to produce a vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Here, using the muridarum major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as antigen, four adjuvant combinations IVAX-1 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AddaVax), IVAX-2 (MPLA+CpG-1018+AS03), CpG-1826+Montanide ISA 720 VG (CpG-1826+Mont) and CpG-1018+Montanide (CpG-1018+Mont), were tested their local reactogenicity ability elicit protection i...

The immunogenicity and efficacy of three inactivated vaccines (A, B, C) prepared with Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) and with different oil-emulsion adjuvants were evaluated in sheep. Twenty-eight animals were used, divided into four groups (a, b, c, d) of seven animals each. Three groups were immunized with the same vaccine, but using different adjuvants, while one group (d) was used as...

The prototype J-LEAPS T cell vaccine for HER-2/neu breast cancer (J-HER) consists of the murine HER-2/neu66-74 H-2d CD8 T cell epitope covalently attached through a triglycine linker to the J-immune cell binding ligand (ICBL) (human β2 microglobulin38-50 peptide). The J-ICBL was chosen for its potential to promote Th1/Tc1 responses. In this proof-of-concept study, the ability of J-HER to preven...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is the most important human helminth infection due to its impact on public health. The clinical manifestations are chronic and significantly decrease an individual's quality of life. Infected individuals suffer from long-term organ pathologies including fibrosis which eventually leads to organ failure. The development of a vaccine against this parasitic disease would ...