A case of conjoined twins with monocephalus, thoracopagus, partial abdominopagus, tetrabrachius and tetrascelus in lambs complicated with several defects of skeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems is reported. The twins were dead and delivered by cesarean section. This case report highlights the detailed anatomical study of defects in different systems due to an abnor...

Monocephalus diprosopus is a form of conjoined twinning characterized by a single body, one unusual head and two faces or a spectrum of duplication of the craniofacial structures. Such cases have been mainly described according to postmortem pathologic examination. This presented case is a 26-week-stillborn female fetus, with unusual facial appearance with four eyes, two mouths, two noses, two ...

Caudal duplication is a rare anomaly with less than 30 reported cases. For those patients who also have double bladders, there are not enough data regarding the function of the lower urinary tract. A boy with caudal duplication anomaly was evaluated fluoroscopically and urodynamically. The results of the evaluation showed that the bladders were filling and emptying synchronously with normal and...

A 5 years old buffalo in her second lactation was presented with the history of complete gestation at village Bajuri situated district Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India. Per vaginal examination showed fetus posterior longitudinal presentation dorso-sacral position and bilateral hip flexion. traction tried by mutations removed manually. Fetus congenitally defected presence two heads. It a rare ca...

Congenital defects are those abnormalities present at birth that result from errors arising during development (Noden and de la Hunta, 1985). Congenital duplications are interesting among congenital defects because they are composed by two individuals. Multiple births most frequently result from fertilization of separately ovulated female gametes. However, complete or partial separation of clea...

Caudal duplication is an abnormality which usually affects the digestive, urogenital and even respiratory systems. It forms a graded series from slight duplication to near separation of two fetuses caudocranially. In some conjoined twins, duplication process may cranially proceed up to the head region. This kind of developed conjoined monocephalus twin has been reported in many domestic species...