Problems of transport become more pressing with increasing urbanisation. Although EVs (electric vehicles) are considered to contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution caused by passenger car transport, their use is still very modest. The core objective of this paper is to identify the major impact factors for the broader dissemination of EVs in urban areas. We c...

AIM This paper reviews the ethical controversy concerning the use of monetary incentives in health promotion, focussing specifically on the arguments relating to the impact on personal autonomy of such incentives. BACKGROUND Offering people small amounts of money in the context of health promotion and medical care has been attempted in a number of settings in recent years. This use of persona...

The study elucidates that the Malaysian retail sector has experienced dramatic changes in the last few decades with the emergence of new retail formats such as hypermarkets, large scale supermarkets, and convenience stores. As a result, it has affected the way employees work and their commitment to their organization. Thus, it is important for the retailers know the reasons for employee   motiv...

The design of time-domain equalizers or TEQs for discrete multitone modulation (DMT) systems has recently received much attention. In this paper, we present a generalization of one such design method which takes into account the noise observed in a DMT channel. Furthermore, we show how this generalization can be used for the design of fractionally spaced equalizers or FSEs. Experimental results...

Tone reservation peak-to-average (PAR) ratio reduction is an established area when it comes to bringing down signal peaks in multicarrier (DMT or OFDM) systems. When designing such a system, some questions often arise about PAR reduction. Is it worth the effort? How much can it give? How much does it give depending on the parameter choices? With this paper, we attempt to answer these questions ...

We construct cooperative diversity coding schemes that mitigate the effects of symbol asynchronicity among network users. We do so by modifying, at the expense of implementation practicality, the signaling complexity of well behaved existing schemes. The modification allows the same good performance (DMT optimality) in the presence of synchronicity, and almost-surely permits full-diversity gain...

evaluating and selecting alternatives investment projects needs considering all relevant and important aspects. in traditional methods, the focus is just on tangible monetary criteria. also in the traditional methods, either all the information’s about factors must be known precisely or sufficient objective data must be available for applying probability theory. in this paper, a combinative app...

Abstract Price reductions take either an integrated form (e.g., a discount shown directly on the price tag) or non-integrated contained in coupon sent to consumers and thus separate from tag). This research examines how versus promotions influence choices among vertically differentiated products. Under promotion $10 off) applicable multiple products original list prices: $50 vs. $30), compare t...

abstract this study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the panel vecm approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in africa. the study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. policy reaction to the positiv...

abstract in present paper has tried to examine and investigate quality of effectiveness of monetary shocks on the growth of agricultural sector by using time series dataes of iran economy during 1960-2006 , filter hodric-prescott method and liner regressive models. the resultes show that qualily of effectiveness monetary shocks on growth of agricultural sector is asymmetric and length of effect...