Beam connections with reduced drilled section and slotted web have been presented after the Northridge earthquake (1994). Their new geometrical shapes have been resulted in weakening of beams and subsequently the bette rperformance of connections in the earthquakes. In this research, the advantages of both connections, mentioned above, have been studied in the Slotted Web Drilled Flange (SWDF) ...

This paper presents an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (IMOEA) for the design of planar steel frames. By considering constraints as a new objective function, single objective optimization problems turned to multi objective optimization problems. To increase efficiency of IMOEA different Crossover and Mutation are employed. Also to avoid local optima dynamic interference of mutat...

Hybrid moment frame come together with reinforced concrete columns with structural steel beams (RCS). This Composite system provides several key advantages over current steel or concrete moment resisting frame. Past studies have shown this system to be efficient in both design and building stage while able to keep sufficient strength and necessary ductility in seismic zone.Although past researc...

Most seismic codes specify empirical formulas to estimate the fundamental vibration period of buildings. Evaluated first in this paper are the formulas specified in present US codes using the available data on the fundamental period of buildings “measured” from their motions recorded during eight California earthquakes, starting from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and ending with the 1994 Nor...

OBJECTIVE Biomechanical effects of laterally wedged insoles are assessed by reduction in the knee adduction moment. However, the degree of reduction may vary depending on the reference frame with which it is calculated. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of reference frame on the reduction in the knee adduction moment by laterally wedged insoles. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy p...

fragility curves represent the probabilities that structural damages, under various levels of seismic excitation, will exceed the specified damage states by means of earthquake intensity damage relations. conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for the seismic evaluati...

The present work is aimed at assessing the impact of strong column-weak beam (SCWB) criterion on seismic performance of optimally designed steel moment frames. To this end, different SCWB ratios are considered for steel special moment resisting frame (SMRF) structures and performance-based design optimization process is implemented with the aid of an efficient metaheuristic. The seismic collaps...

progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failures propagating throughout a portion of the structure disproportionate to the original local failure occurring when a sudden loss of a critical load‐bearing element initiates a structural element failure, eventually resulting in partial or full collapse of the structure. both general services administration (gsa) and united states department of d...