introduction: good radiographs are required for endodontic therapy and because some patient’s are intolerant to intraoral films and/or sensors, this can cause complications in endodontic treatment. extraoral film placement can be used to obtain clinically diagnostic and working radiographs. materials and methods: the no. 2 receptor was placed against the model ’ s cheek and centered in the mola...

currently, different highly sensitive nucleic acid detection-based protocols used in medical diagnostic laboratories need specific working conditions, and if no optimization is performed, misleading results can be obtained. limitations of each protocol is different in obtaining an appropriate result. awareness of these limitations plays an important role in providing a reliable result for physi...