introduction: this article describes the diagnosis and treatment of two symmetrical maxillary first molars with two canals in their distobuccal roots. a 32-year-old female had an emergency treatment because of the pain in tooth #16. on the second visit after accessing the pulp chamber and detecting three major canals (mb, db, and p) and exploring the 4th canal (mb 2 ), we noted that there was a...

The purpose of this article is to present the surgical removal of a broken endodontic file from the periapical region of the distal root of a mandibular first molar. The methods of diagnosis and measurement of the distance of the instrument to the adjacent vital structures in the periapical region was done with simple means and in an economical manner.

The formation of mammalian dentition is one of the most remarkable processes in development and provides a powerful model for studying the epithelialmesenchymal interactions that control patterning and morphogenesis of variety of developmental processes. The tooth development involves a complex series of genetic interactions involving growth factors, transcription factors, signal receptors and ...

Head Start and the Distribution of Long Term Education and Labor Market Outcomes* In this paper we investigate the effect of Head Start on long term education and labor market outcomes using data from the NLSY79. The contributions to the existing literature on the effectiveness of Head Start are threefold: (1) we are the first to examine distributional effects of Head Start on long term outcome...

Occurrence If you have asthma, you're not alone . . . Asthma is the sixth most common chronic condition in our nation, affecting between 12 and 17 million people. In children, asthma usually occurs by age 5 (several studies show that 50 to 80% of children with asthma develop symptoms before their 5 birthday). Adults usually develop asthma in their 30s, but even older adults can contract the dis...

introduction: mandibular first molar is the most important tooth with complicated morphology. in finite element (fe) studies, investigators usually prefer to model anterior teeth with a simple and single straight root; it makes the results deviate from the actual case. the most complicated and time-consuming step in fe studies is modeling of the desired tooth, thus this study was performed to e...